“…Most commonly, these bilingual options or test accommodations such as word-for-word dictionaries or qualified interpreters are limited to content area exams (e.g., mathematics, science) and continue to position learners' multilingualism as potentially contributing to measurement errors (Schissel 2014(Schissel , 2015Rea-Dickens et al 2011;Stansfield 2011) rather than as integral to the assessment design (Solano- Flores, 2011). Within language assessment, researchers have called for the integration of translanguaging or multilingualism in the design of the test and in learners' responses (Otheguy, García, and Reid 2015;Shohamy 2011), but such efforts remain few (Heugh, Prinsloo, Makgamatha, Diedericks, and Winnaar 2017;Schissel, Leung, López-Gopar, and Davis 2018).…”