Multimedia resource allocation in mmwave 5G networks

Abstract

INTRODUCTIONThe volume of mobile traffic is exploding, driven by a proliferation of connected devices. The high bandwidth required by multimedia applications is severely stretching the available wireless spectrum. Consumers influenced by fixed access broadband services expect almost instant file uploads/downloads and transfers between terminals (laptops, tablets, and smart TVs), IPTV, and HD video. The challenge for service providers is therefore to extend the capability of wireless access to maintain performance characteristics in the transition to predominantly wireless service provision. The entertainment industry will be just the first adopter to drive and inspire other futuristic scenarios in connected health, social and community interaction, and education.The 60 GHz band, with up to four 2.16 GHz channels, supports high-data-rate short-range line-of-sight (LOS) directional transmissions. Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication technologies such as IEEE 802.15.3c-2009 [1] and IEEE 802.11ad [2] are uniquely positioned due to their ability to deliver the gigabit-per-second throughput envisaged for the fifth generation (5G).Despite the adverse propagation characteristics of mmWave technologies (a result of high propagation loss due to oxygen absorption and atmospheric attenuation), the fact that waves are confined within walls makes it ideal for personal communications: promoting security and privacy. This also promotes more efficient frequency reuse, therefore creating very high bandwidth hubs that are ideal for the delivery of gigabitper-second applications. A major question, however, is how to combat the impact of blockage of the LOS link by human shadowing or obstacles, which severely impacts the transmission.In order to support the high volume of highquality services, optimized resource allocation is required. Optimizing resource allocation in a multi-user multimedia gigabit scenario poses interesting challenges. Most traditional optimization techniques have been used to solve convex optimization problems. However, real-time multimedia applications introduce non-convex utility functions in which the quality perceived by the user does not increase gracefully with an increase in throughput. A re-think of resource allocation optimization techniques is necessary in this context. Relatively new approaches, such as particle swarm optimization (PSO), are ideal candidates to solve non-convex problems. Our proposal compares PSO to other techniques and presents channel-time allocation PSO (CTA-PSO) as a solution to optimize channel time allocation (resource) even when blockage occurs in the mmWave network. IEEE 802.15.3c [1] and IEEE 802.11ad [2] provide mechanisms at the medium access control (MAC) layer to allocate resource (in the form of channel access time) to multiple users. A period of contention allows for different terminals to request access time while allocated channel time slots provide dedicated data transmission time. The advantage of scheduled access is to provide a dedicated time slot for communic...

Applications of Economic and Pricing Models for Resource Management in 5G Wireless Networks: A Survey

“…Non-cooperative game: The authors in [21] addressed the data rate allocation for multimedia users so as to maximize their individual application data rates. The users are selfish, and the non-cooperative game among them is applied.…”

Millimeter-Wave V2V Communications: Distributed Association and Beam Alignment

“…To this end, Swarm Intelligence relies on systems of interacting agents governed by simple behavioral rules and inter-agent communication mechanisms, such as those observed in certain insects and animal species. In particular we will focus on the so-called Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO [34]), which has been recently utilized to allocate resources in mmWave 5G networks [35], [36].…”

Evaluating the Impact of User Behavior on D2D Communications in Millimeter-Wave Small Cells

“…Wei et al [7] discussed six key elements to enable mmWave communications in future 5G networks and addressed some possible approaches. Wu et al [8] defined and evaluated important metrics to characterize multimedia quality of service (QoS) and designed a QoS-aware scheduling scheme. In terms of small cells in the mmWave bands, most works focused on using bands in 28GHz, 38GHz and 73GHz to attain communication ranges in the order of 200 m or even more [9].…”