Multimode microsensors based on Ag–TiO₂–graphene materials used for the molecular recognition of carcinoembryonic antigen in whole blood samples

Abstract

Ag–TiO2–graphene pastes modified with inulin, and l-alanine tert-butyl ester nitrate were proposed for the molecular recognition of carcinoembryonic antigen in whole blood samples.

N-Methylfulleropyrrolidine-Based Multimode Sensor for Determination of Butoconazole Nitrate

“…Butoconazole nitrate, N -methylfulleropyrrolidine, graphite powder (<20 μm, synthetic), methanol, monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, sodium nitrate, sodium chloride, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, d -sorbitol, glycerol, EDTA disodium salt, dl -histidine, sodium benzoate, lidocaine, and fusidic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milwaukee, USA); paraffin oil (d 4 , 20 0.86 g cm –1 ) was obtained from Fluka (Buchs, Sweden).…”

“…A multimode electrochemical sensor is an electrode that responds simultaneously to more than one mode (e.g., stochastic mode, amperometric mode, voltammetric mode) . To date, several multimode sensors have been developed to detect and quantify hormones, neurotransmitters, biomarkers, endocrine disruptors, and enantiomers in various matrices. − …”

Graphene-Based Sensors for Clinical Analysis

“…In the last years modified rGO composites were used as material in the design of stochastic sensors [10][11][12][13]. Platinum and gold graphene composite pastes were mixed with a 10-3 mol L-1 solution of protoporphyrin IX for the screening of saliva samples for simultaneous determination of leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), interleukin 6 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) [10].…”

“…Platinum and gold graphene composite pastes were mixed with a 10-3 mol L-1 solution of protoporphyrin IX for the screening of saliva samples for simultaneous determination of leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), interleukin 6 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) [10]. Ag-TiO2 graphene composite was used for molecular recognition of carcinoembryonic antigen in blood samples [11]. Pyridine and porphyrin modification of Ag-TiO2 and Au-TiO2 graphene composite paste was investigated for fast molecular recognition of 8hydroxy-2`-deoxyguanosine from biological samples [12].…”