Multimode Resonator Technique in Antennas: A Review

Abstract

During the past several decades, the multimode resonator (MMR) technique has been extensively investigated and widely used, with successful exploration of a variety of high-performance patch antennas, slot antennas, dielectric resonant antennas, dipole antennas, and so on. In this review paper, we summarize the research milestones for these MMR antennas worldwide as one of the most contributive research teams in this field. First, the basic working principles of the MMR technique are clearly illustrated and studied, including mode excitation, mode suppression, impedance performance improvement, and radiation performance improvement. Next, the research topics regarding impedance performance enhancement, i.e., widebandwidth operation, multibandwidth operation, and mutual coupling reduction, based on the MMR method are intensively described. After that, the relevant works on radiation performance enhancement, i.e., high-gain, wide-beamwidth, multibeam, multipolarization, low-cross-polarization, filtering-response, and leaky-wave antennas, based on the MMR method are extensively illustrated. By using this technique, several ideas about operating frequency reallocation, electric-field null control, radiation pattern reshaping, and efficiency null generation of the antennas are proposed and demonstrated by our team for the first time. In addition, the application of the MMR technique for wireless communication systems is introduced and presented, such as implant communication, wireless power transfer, and multiple-input multiple-output communication. With these arrangements, exploration and reporting of more interesting and useful MMR design methods can be anticipated in the future.

Dielectric-Loaded Horn Antenna Design and Simulation Using the Metamaterial Method

“…Therefore, before the design of a dielectric-loaded horn antenna can be achieved, theoretical analysis of the generation and excitation of hybrid modes in double-layer dielectric-loaded horns is required. We researched the influence of dielectric topology on the distribution of hybrid mode aperture fields and provide theoretical guidance for those using dielectric-loaded horn antenna technology [27][28][29].…”

Investigation of Gliding Walled Multilayer Waveguides

“…The initial designs involved the use of EBGs, which required at least two rows of pins along the transmission line paths to minimize electromagnetic field leakage. Many devices and mmWave components were manufactured utilizing these pin-based unit cells, such as bandpass filters [8], D-band slot antenna array [9], horn antennas [10], Luneburg antennas [11], and other gap waveguide-based components [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. However, as mentioned in [7], the disadvantage of manufacturing these nails or pins was the complexity of producing them on the mm and µm scale.…”

“…The effect of the shape of the holes was also quite extensively studied in [20][21][22][23][24]. Suggestions also involved replacing CNC-based manufacturing techniques with other manufacturing techniques such as additive manufacturing (material jetting, binder jetting and nanoparticle jetting) and 3D printing [25][26][27] or methods based on subtractive manufacturing, such as electric discharge machining (EDM) or metal etching [12,13,16,28]. The exploration of periodic symmetries (or higher symmetries) first began in the 1960s [29], and with the development of computer simulation tools, there has been an increased focus on investigating periodic symmetries or higher symmetries.…”