Multiobjective optimization of the flaxseed mucilage extraction process using normal-boundary intersection approach

Abstract

PurposeThe mucilage of the Linum usitatissimum L. seed (Linseed) is one of the natural mucilages that presents a great potential to provide a food hydrocolloid with potential applications in both food and pharmaceutical industries. To increase the yield and quality of linseed oil during its production process, it is necessary to previously extract its polysaccharides. Because of this, flax mucilage production can be made viable as a byproduct of oil extraction process, which is already a product of high commercial value consolidated in the market. Thus, the purpose of this work is to optimize the mucilage extraction process of L. usitatissimum L. using the normal-boundary intersection (NBI) multiobjective optimization method.Design/methodology/approachCurrently, the variables of the process of polysaccharide extraction from different sources are optimized using the response surface methodology. However, when the optimal points of the responses are conflicting it is necessary to study the best conditions to achieve a balance between these conflicting objectives (trade-offs) and to explore the available options it is necessary to formulate an optimization problem with multiple objectives. The multiobjective optimization method used in this work was the NBI developed to find uniformly distributed and continuous Pareto optimal solutions for a nonlinear multiobjective problem.FindingsThe optimum extraction point to obtain the maximum fiber concentration in the extracted material was pH 3.81, temperature of 46°C, time of 13.46 h. The maximum extraction yield of flaxseed was pH 6.45, temperature of 65°C, time of 14.41 h. This result confirms the trade-off relationship between the objectives. NBI approach was able to find uniformly distributed Pareto optimal solutions, which allows to analyze the behavior of the trade-off relationship. Thus, the decision-maker can set extraction conditions to achieve desired characteristics in mucilage.Originality/valueThe novelty of this paper is to confirm the existence of a trade-off relationship between the productivity parameter (yield) and the quality parameter (fiber concentration in the extracted material) during the flaxseed mucilage extraction process. The NBI approach was able to find uniformly distributed Pareto optimal solutions, which allows us to analyze the behavior of the trade-off relationship. This allows the decision-making to the extraction conditions according to the desired characteristics of the final product, thus being able to direct the extraction for the best applicability of the mucilage.

Multi-Criteria Optimization Conditions for the Recovery of Bioactive Compounds from Levisticum officinale WDJ Koch Roots Using Green and Sustainable Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction

“…Therefore, it is necessary to identify the correct approximation to represent these responses as functions of these variables. For this purpose, polynomial functions are used [36]. Multivariate regression models (generated in Matlab R2021a) were used to perform ultrasound-assisted extraction optimization.…”

Development of metformin HCl granules using brown flaxseed mucilage as a retardant polymer: effects of polymer and drug ratio

“…Brown flaxseeds were purchased from a local market in Niterói City, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The simplified mucilage extraction procedure was based on the works of Ziolkovska (2012), Cui et al (1994), andRocha et al (2021b); it consisted of washing the whole seeds with distilled water, in a ratio of 1:13 m/v (seeds:water) at room temperature, with mechanical agitation of around 500 rotations per minute (RPM) (IKA Labortechnik RW 20DZM.n). The duration of the washing process was 24 h. Afterwards, the aqueous extract was filtered through regular, double-layered medical gauze to separate it from the seeds and subsequently lyophilized (LIOTOP L108) at -50 °C for 5 uninterrupted days.…”

A Review of Extraction Techniques and Food Applications of Flaxseed Mucilage

“…In another study, Ziolkovska [ 16 ] showed >99% extraction of water-soluble substances from the hull of whole flaxseed via the application of a three-stage countercurrent extraction process under the following conditions: a seed-to-water ratio of 1:25, a temperature of 80 ± 2 °C, and a duration of 30 ± 1 min (each stage). Rocha et al [ 17 ] used a multi-objective optimization (MOO) method, namely, the normal boundary intersection (NBI), for FM extraction. They showed that, to obtain the highest fiber concentration in the extract, the optimal extraction conditions were a temperature of 46 °C, a pH of 3.81, and a time of 13.46 h; to obtain the maximum extraction yield, the optimal extraction conditions were a temperature of 65 °C, a pH of 6.45, and a time of 14.41 h.…”