Multiphoton Lithography of Unconstrained Three‐Dimensional Protein Microstructures

Spivey, Eric C.; Ritschdorff, Eric T.; Connell, Jodi L.; McLennon, Christopher A.; Schmidt, Christine E.; Shear, Jason B.

doi:10.1002/adfm.201201465

Cited by 57 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…As another alternative, a spatial light modulator (SLM) can be employed to control the light amplitude and phase to spatially shape the laser beam for multi-focal patterning or single-shot pattern projection 34,39,47,57,58,60,64,65 . Light modulation is achieved either by a digital mirror device (DMD) composed of an array of individually rotatable micro-mirrors, or a liquid crystal display (LCD) composed of an array of individual liquid crystal pixels electrically modulating the light.…”

Section: Fabrication Conditions Lasers and Direct Writing Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organic solvents have also been reported, although these solvents could potentially modify the original tertiary structure of the protein and thereby its functionality could be impaired prior to fabrication. The addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been shown to improve both viscosity and feature sizes 34 , although higher concentrations of DMSO in the system can also affect the tertiary structure or even denature the protein 66 . It is unclear why DMSO improves feature sizes and fabrication quality, although the heat and electron transfer properties of this solvent might play a role, in addition to the attendant increase in the viscosity of the precursor solution.…”

Section: Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The non-invasive nature of forming crosslinked proteins in solution enables the fabrication of various complex embedded 3D structures. These structures can be nested on the substrate surfaces 33,34 or embedded into transparent devices such as microfluidic channels [35][36][37] . In addition to 3D fabrication and superior resolution, another advantage of the multi-photon cross-linking of proteins as 3D printing materials is the potential to retain the protein functions after fabrication 35,38,39 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fabrication of three-dimensional proteinaceous micro- and nano-structures by femtosecond laser cross-linking

Serien¹,

Sugioka²

2018

Opto-Electronic Advances

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Proteins are a class of biomaterials having a vast array of functions, including the catalysis of metabolic reactions, DNA replication, stimuli response and transportation of molecules. Recent progress in laser-based fabrication technologies has enabled the formation of three-dimensional (3D) proteinaceous micro-and nano-structures by femtosecond laser cross-linking, which has expanded the possible applications of proteins. This article reviews the current knowledge and recent advancements in the femtosecond laser cross-linking of proteins. An overview of previous studies related to fabrication using a variety of proteins and detailed discussions of the associated mechanisms are provided. In addition, advances and applications utilizing specific protein functions are introduced. This review thus provides a valuable summary of the 3D micro-and nano-fabrication of proteins for biological and medical applications.

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Section: Fabrication Conditions Lasers and Direct Writing Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fabrication of three-dimensional proteinaceous micro- and nano-structures by femtosecond laser cross-linking

Serien¹,

Sugioka²

2018

Opto-Electronic Advances

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“…(i) Since a pure water solution often showed the formation of cavitation bubbles [25] when using our 200-kHz fiber laser, we intended to reduce the water fraction. (ii) In previous works, the best resolution with a submicron feature size was achieved when combining 40-50% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solvents with fabrication using a high numerical aperture objective lens [8,26]. However, a high concentration of DMSO can denature the protein native structure, while glycerol is utilized for protein stabilization [27].…”

Section: Glycerol Solvent For Improved Index Matchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond Laser Direct Write Integration of Multi-Protein Patterns and 3D Microstructures into 3D Glass Microfluidic Devices

et al. 2018

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Microfluidic devices and biochips offer miniaturized laboratories for the separation, reaction, and analysis of biochemical materials with high sensitivity and low reagent consumption. The integration of functional or biomimetic elements further functionalizes microfluidic devices for more complex biological studies. The recently proposed ship-in-a-bottle integration based on laser direct writing allows the construction of microcomponents made of photosensitive polymer inside closed microfluidic structures. Here, we expand this technology to integrate proteinaceous two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) microstructures with the aid of photo-induced cross-linking into glass microchannels. The concept is demonstrated with bovine serum albumin and enhanced green fluorescent protein, each mixed with photoinitiator (Sodium 4-[2-(4-Morpholino) benzoyl-2-dimethylamino] butylbenzenesulfonate). Unlike the polymer integration, fabrication over the entire channel cross-section is challenging. Two proteins are integrated into the same channel to demonstrate multi-protein patterning. Using 50% w/w glycerol solvent instead of 100% water achieves almost the same fabrication resolution for in-channel fabrication as on-surface fabrication due to the improved refractive index matching, enabling the fabrication of 3D microstructures. A glycerol-water solvent also reduces the risk of drying samples. We believe this technology can integrate diverse proteins to contribute to the versatility of microfluidics.

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“…Thus, it is not surprising that it has been employed for the creation of 3D micro-templates used for cell studies [10,11]. Of the various chemistries used for manufacturing, protein photo-crosslinking is of particular value in biological applications, yielding materials with high porosity, tunable elasticity and a diverse set of chemical and biochemical properties [12,13]. Recently highlighted in the literature, hyaluronic acid is processable by DLW, as well [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Microporous Scaffolds Manufactured via Combination of Fused Filament Fabrication and Direct Laser Writing Ablation

et al. 2014

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A 3D printing fused filament fabrication (FFF) approach has been implemented for the creation of microstructures having an internal 3D microstructure geometry. These objects were produced without any sacrificial structures or additional support materials, just by precisely tuning the nozzle heating, fan cooling and translation velocity parameters. The manufactured microporous structures out of polylactic acid (PLA) had fully controllable Micromachines 2014, 5 840 porosity (20%-60%) and consisted of desired volume pores (∼0.056 µm 3 ). The prepared scaffolds showed biocompatibility and were suitable for the primary stem cell growth. In addition, direct laser writing (DLW) ablation was employed to modify the surfaces of the PLA structures, drill holes, as well as shape the outer geometries of the created objects. The proposed combination of FFF printing with DLW offers successful fabrication of 3D microporous structures with functionalization capabilities, such as the modification of surfaces, the generation of grooves and microholes and cutting out precisely shaped structures (micro-arrows, micro-gears). The produced structures could serve as biomedical templates for cell culturing, as well as biodegradable implants for tissue engineering. The additional micro-architecture is important in connection with the cell types used for the intention of cell growing. Moreover, we show that surface roughness can be modified at the nanoscale by immersion into an acetone bath, thus increasing the hydrophilicity. The approach is not limited to biomedical applications, it could be employed for the manufacturing of bioresorbable 3D microfluidic and micromechanic structures.

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Multiphoton Lithography of Unconstrained Three‐Dimensional Protein Microstructures

Cited by 57 publications

References 38 publications

Fabrication of three-dimensional proteinaceous micro- and nano-structures by femtosecond laser cross-linking

Fabrication of three-dimensional proteinaceous micro- and nano-structures by femtosecond laser cross-linking

Femtosecond Laser Direct Write Integration of Multi-Protein Patterns and 3D Microstructures into 3D Glass Microfluidic Devices

3D Microporous Scaffolds Manufactured via Combination of Fused Filament Fabrication and Direct Laser Writing Ablation

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