Multiple allelic incompatibility factors among bifactorial strains of the yeastLeucosporidium (Candida) scottii

Fell, Jack W.; Tallman, Adele Statzell

doi:10.1007/bf01568801

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…This indicates that an inversion has occurred within the P/R locus of this mating type followed by additional rearrangements. In addition transposable elements that greatly stimulate intrachromosomal recombination Croll et al 2013;Grandaubert et al 2014), another possibility in this case is that such events may have been triggered by the presence of identical and divergently transcribed pheromone precursor genes (RHA), which are anchored at the P/R locus to constitute large inverted repeats ( Figure 1A).Finally, it is also relevant to mention that we found no evidence in the extant P/R locus organization that could support the possibility raised by Fell and Statzell-Tallman concerning the existence of more than two pheromone/receptorspecificities in L. scottii (Fell and Statzell-Tallman 1982). First, no evidence was found for the existence of a P/R locus consisting of multiple subloci, each encompassing different P/R alleles that would freely recombine to generate multiple "A-factors" (Fell and Statzell-Tallman 1982).…”

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confidence: 54%

“…First, no evidence was found for the existence of a P/R locus consisting of multiple subloci, each encompassing different P/R alleles that would freely recombine to generate multiple "A-factors" (Fell and Statzell-Tallman 1982). Second, within the same strain, pheromone precursor genes code for identical peptides, suggesting the presence of only one MAT specificity per strain.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reconstructing the evolutionary path leading to the present mating systems of basidiomycetes requires obtaining information on this trait for several extant bipolar and tetrapolar members of the three major lineages. This approach, however, has been hindered owing to the scarcity of data for this trait in putative tetrapolar species of the Pucciniomycotina.Leucosporidium scottii is a Pucciniomycotina yeast species with a typical dimorphic life cycle, comprising heterothallic, homothallic (self-fertile), and apparently asexual individuals (Fell and Statzell-Tallman 1982;Sampaio et al 2003;de Garcia et al 2015). This species belongs to the order Leucosporidiales, which is phylogenetically related to both Sporidiobolales (red yeasts) and Microbotryales (anther-smuts) (Sampaio et al 2003;Aime et al 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Finally, additional mating tests for strains, the mating behavior of which had never been tested, showed that with the exception of strain CBS 10581, which is apparently asexual, all strains are fertile (Table S4), even though pairing of sexually competent strains with different alleles at both MAT loci did not always yield positive mating reactions (Table S4). Although these results could reflect some form of incompatibility between HD1/HD2 protein pairs being brought together, the fact that distinct strains with identical mating types do not have completely overlapping mating results (Table S4) suggests that unknown factors and/or genetic background may impose additional barriers to fertility in otherwise compatible mating partners.Electrophoretic karyotyping and chromosome mapping of P/R and HD loci in L. scottiiThe characterization of L. scottii sexual progeny (Fell and Statzell-Tallman 1982), the ability to delineate boundaries of MAT loci within a relatively short distance from the A region of increased divergence comprising the HD1 and HD2 genes can be distinguished, in addition to genomic segments that differ between the two strains (these are either absent or too divergent to be aligned; red bars). This region defines the putative HD locus (area in yellow).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Leucosporidium scottii is a Pucciniomycotina yeast species with a typical dimorphic life cycle, comprising heterothallic, homothallic (self-fertile), and apparently asexual individuals (Fell and Statzell-Tallman 1982;Sampaio et al 2003;de Garcia et al 2015). This species belongs to the order Leucosporidiales, which is phylogenetically related to both Sporidiobolales (red yeasts) and Microbotryales (anther-smuts) (Sampaio et al 2003;Aime et al 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evolution of Mating Systems in Basidiomycetes and the Genetic Architecture Underlying Mating-Type Determination in the YeastLeucosporidium scottii

et al. 2015

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In most fungi, sexual reproduction is bipolar; that is, two alternate sets of genes at a single mating-type (MAT) locus determine two mating types. However, in the Basidiomycota, a unique (tetrapolar) reproductive system emerged in which sexual identity is governed by two unlinked MAT loci, each of which controls independent mechanisms of self/nonself recognition. Tetrapolar-to-bipolar transitions have occurred on multiple occasions in the Basidiomycota, resulting, for example, from linkage of the two MAT loci into a single inheritable unit. Nevertheless, owing to the scarcity of molecular data regarding tetrapolar systems in the earliest-branching lineage of the Basidiomycota (subphylum Pucciniomycotina), it is presently unclear if the last common ancestor was tetrapolar or bipolar. Here, we address this question, by investigating the mating system of the Pucciniomycotina yeast Leucosporidium scottii. Using whole-genome sequencing and chromoblot analysis, we discovered that sexual reproduction is governed by two physically unlinked gene clusters: a multiallelic homeodomain (HD) locus and a pheromone/receptor (P/R) locus that is biallelic, thereby dismissing the existence of a third P/R allele as proposed earlier. Allele distribution of both MAT genes in natural populations showed that the two loci were in strong linkage disequilibrium, but independent assortment of MAT alleles was observed in the meiotic progeny of a test cross. The sexual cycle produces fertile progeny with similar proportions of the four mating types, but approximately 2/3 of the progeny was found to be nonhaploid. Our study adds to others in reinforcing tetrapolarity as the ancestral state of all basidiomycetes.KEYWORDS sexual reproduction; mating type; mating-type determination; fungi; Basidiomycota S EXUAL reproduction has a pivotal role in the biology of many eukaryotes and is likely a defining evolutionary innovation of this lineage (Dacks and Roger 1999;Goodenough and Heitman 2014). In addition to promoting genetic variation, required for adaptation to fluctuating environments and longterm survival, sexual reproduction in many fungal species, in particular, has a central role in pathogenic development (Bakkeren et al. 2008;Nadal et al. 2008;Heitman 2010;Heitman et al. 2014). It is thus not surprising that recent advances in genome sequencing have revealed that most fungal species have retained the machinery for sexual reproduction and meiosis (Halary et al. 2011;Dyer and O'Gorman 2012;Gioti et al. 2013;Heitman et al. 2014). However, this resilience to keep sexual competence intact comes with an extremely dynamic evolution of sexual behaviors and mating type-determining mechanisms, which may influence important evolutionary and ecological processes, such as adaptation and speciation (Billiard et al. 2011;Heitman et al. 2013;Nieuwenhuis et al. 2013).In the phylum Basidiomycota, sexual reproduction is often dictated by two independent sets of mating-type (MAT)-specific genes that control different stages of the sexual cycle. These...

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confidence: 54%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%