Multiple Anomalous Venous Systemic Connections in a Case of Atrial Septal Defect Associated with Right Aortic Arch and Spine Deformities

Abstract

Multiple anomalies of persistent left superior vena cava and left hepatic vein emptying into the left atrium associated with atrial septal defect, right aortic arch and multiple skeletal malformations are presented. The anatomy and the embryology of these anomalous venous connections are briefly reviewed. Clinical, hemodynamic and surgical implications of these anomalies are discussed.