Multiple Diagnosis in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. The Role of War Stressors

Green, Bonnie L.; Lindy, Jacob D.; Grace, Mary C.; Gleser, Goldine C.

doi:10.1097/00005053-198906000-00002

Cited by 121 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…Exposure to atrocities and grotesque death appears to be one type of traumatic experience that is strongly associated with chronic PTSD (Yehuda, Southwick, & Giller, 1992). Preliminary data with combat veterans and individuals exposed to a disaster (e.g., Green et al, 1985Green et al, , 1989) also suggest a strong link between exposure to grotesque death and posttraumatic alcohol abuse. These findings should be followed up with studies of individuals exposed to other traumatic events to determine their generalizability.…”

Section: Directions For Further Researchmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Some researchers have begun to use such techniques in the study of the relationship between trauma and alcohol abuse. The study by Green et al (1989) is a fine example of the use of multivariate techniques to assess the relative contributions of trauma exposure, pretraumatic factors, and posttraumatic factors to the prediction of alcohol abuse in combat veterans. Similarly, Dembo and colleagues (e.g., Dembo et al, 1988Dembo et al, , 1992 have effectively used structural equation modeling techniques to study the potential causal relationship of abuse histories, other family background characteristics, and the development of alcohol problems in adolescents.…”

Section: Sample Selection Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differences in the methodologies used in the two studies, and differences in demographic characteristics of the samples, might explain the observed variability in comorbidity rates (Green et al, 1992). First, the study with combat veterans (Green et al, 1989) used the SADS (Endicott & Spitzer, 1978) to establish diagnoses, whereas the study with individuals exposed to a flood (Green et al, 1992) used the SCID (Spitzer et al, 1987), thus making direct comparisons across the two studies difficult to interpret given the slightly different diagnostic criteria used on the SADS and SCID (Green et al, 1992). Second, the combat veterans sample was younger than the disaster sample, and the former was composed only of men, whereas the latter was a mixed gender group.…”

Section: Nature Of the Traumatic Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alcohol abuse in individuals exposed to trauma: A critical review.

Stewart¹

1996

Psychological Bulletin

570

422

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Section: Directions For Further Researchmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Sample Selection Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nature Of the Traumatic Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alcohol abuse in individuals exposed to trauma: A critical review.

Stewart¹

1996

Psychological Bulletin

570

422

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“…An emerging literature suggests that trauma may result in panic disorder [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. For instance, among American veterans with a severe trauma history, one research group found a lifetime rate of 82% of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and 50% of panic disorder (PD) [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Panic disorder among Vietnamese refugees attending a psychiatric clinic: prevalence and subtypes

Hinton

Chau

Nguyen

et al. 2001

General Hospital Psychiatry

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This study surveys Vietnamese refugees attending two psychiatric clinics to determine both the prevalence of panic disorder (PD) as well as panic attack subtypes in those suffering PD. A culturally valid adaptation of the SCID-panic module (the Vietnamese Panic Disorder Survey or VPDS) was administered to 100 Vietnamese refugees attending two psychiatric clinics. Utilizing culturally sensitive panic probes, the VPDS provides information regarding both the presence of PD and panic attack subtypes during the month prior to interview. Of 100 patients surveyed, 50 (50%) currently suffered PD. Among the 50 patients suffering PD, the most common panic attack subtypes during the previous month were the following: "orthostatic dizziness" (74% of the 50 panic disorder patients [PDPs]), headache (50% of PDPs), wind-induced/temperature-shift-induced (24% of PDPs), effortinduced (18% of PDPs), gastro-intestinal (16% of PDPs), micturition-induced (8% of PDPs), outof-the-blue palpitations (24% of PDPs), and out-of-the-blue shortness of breath (16% of PDPs). Five mechanisms are adduced to account for this high PD prevalence as well as the specific profile of subtypes: 1) a trauma-caused panic attack diathesis; 2) trauma-event cues; 3) ethnic differences in physiology; 4) catastrophic cognitions generated by cultural syndromes; and 5) a modification of Clark's spiral of panic.

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“…Research has found that exposure to grotesque death is a major predictor of PTSD and related disorders (Green et al 1989;McNally 2003: 83, 99;Southwick et al 1997: 175, table).…”

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confidence: 99%

A sociology of trauma : violence and self identity

Snyder¹

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A Sociology of TraumaThis project relates the experience of violence to self-identity. It involves a systematic content analysis of memoirs published on rape, terrorism, genocide, and war.The content analysis provided a complex typology of traumatic stressors that is general to the instances of violence considered. The typology is a style of formal sociology comparable to what has been termed social pattern analysis (Zerubavel 2007). The identified stressors are as follows: the symbolic and cognitive expansion of violence, the loss of self-propriety during violent physical exchanges, the frustration of mundane choices and routines, and the blurring of moral and cognitive boundaries. Milton Vickerman has been an important mentor for me in graduate school. I remember him once telling me, "I want you to be successful." These small acts of support can be extremely effective. I will never forget his well-timed words and will remember to offer them to my own students.I want to thank Brad Campbell and Jason Manning. Our friendship crosses one of sociology's deepest paradigmatic divides, and our late-night arguments have served me better than any graduate course. Their social support has also kept me resilient to the frustrations of graduate life. The same is true of my discussions with friend Elizabeth Smiley.

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Multiple Diagnosis in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. The Role of War Stressors

Cited by 121 publications

References 0 publications

Alcohol abuse in individuals exposed to trauma: A critical review.

Alcohol abuse in individuals exposed to trauma: A critical review.

Panic disorder among Vietnamese refugees attending a psychiatric clinic: prevalence and subtypes

A sociology of trauma : violence and self identity

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