Multiple Diaphragmatic Fenestration as the Only Thoracoscopic Finding in Recurrent Pneumothorax

Recurrent Catamenial Pneumothorax Caused by Diaphragmatic Fenestration

“…They are usually identified intraoperatively, and thus transdiaphragmatic passage of air is proven. [6][7][8] Alifano et al reported that the rates of pleural endometriosis and diaphragmatic defects in patients with catamenial pneumothorax had been quite low in the previous publications, and they attributed this to the treatment methods employed in the past and to the widespread use of thoracoscopy in recent years. 5 In cases of suspected catamenial pneumothorax, visceral and parietal pleura should be examined for endometrial implants, bullae, and blebs, and the diaphragm should be examined for defects.…”