Multiple drug-resistant bovine trypanosomes in South Darfur Province, Sudan

Mohamed-Ahmed, M. M.; Rahman, A. H. A.; Karim, Ejaz

doi:10.1007/bf02359614

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In addition, in 10 African countries including Ethiopia (Tsegaye et al, 2015), Sudan (Mohammed-Ahmed et al, 1992), Nigeria and Kenya, multiple drug resistance trypanosomes that decreased sensitivity to the common trypanocidal drugs (dimenazene, isometamidium and homidium) have been reported (Mulugeta et al, 1997; Gray et al (1993) Tc: T. congolense; Tb: T. brucei; Tv: T. vivax; I: isometamedium; D: dimenazene; ID: both isometamedium and dimenazee. Delespaux et al, 2008).…”

Section: Distribution Of Trypanocidal Drug Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Drug resistance in African animal trypanosomes: A review

Assefa¹,

Shibeshi²

2018

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Animal African trypanosmiasis (AAT) is the most important factor contributing to the sub potential performance of livestock. AAT is caused by Trypanosoma congolense, Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma brucei. Chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis are the major means of combating the disease. An estimated 17 million cattle are treated with trypanocides annually. The emergence of drugresistant trypanosome strains is considered a serious problem in trypanosomiasis control particularly for the resource-poor, at-risk populations and farmers in Africa. Trypanocidal drug resistance is the decreased or absence of sensitivity of trypanosome strains to standard quality trypanocidal drugs at the dose recommended in a good veterinary practice. Different resistance mechanisms are acquired independently through exposure to different drugs. A good example for this is cross resistance for diminazene and isometamidium. Trypanosomiasis drug resistance has been officially reported in 21 African countries. Moreover, certain African countries reported the presence of multi drug resistance. Safeguarding the available trypanocidal drugs is mandatory to reduce the devastating impact of the disease.

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Section: Distribution Of Trypanocidal Drug Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Drug resistance in African animal trypanosomes: A review

Assefa¹,

Shibeshi²

2018

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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“…During the period from 1972 to 1983, the level of bovine trypanosomosis in South Darfur remained stable, as discussed by Hall et al (15), who attributed this to the use of trypanocidals by the cattle owners. However, a serious trypanosomosis problem developed as trypanosomes became increasingly resistant to the available trypanocidals (21). Recent studies conducted in different parts of Sudan showed that the disease is spreading throughout the country (3,4,7,24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonellosis en el jabalí enano (Sus salvanius), un mamífero en situación crítica

Rahman¹,

Deka²,

Chakraborty³

et al. 2005

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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Entomological and trypanosomosis surveys were conducted in the Blue Nile area between Admazien and Khartoum. The surveys showed the area to be tsetse free. The only species of trypanosome found to infect cattle in this study was Trypanosoma vivax, which infected some of the local cattle that had no history of entering tsetse belts. The prevalence of disease varied with the season. High disease prevalence coincided with the periods when tabanid and stomoxy flies were abundant. The study showed that the months when biting flies were most numerous coincided with trypanosomosis outbreaks, but even minimal numbers of these flies may cause the cycle of mechanical transmission to continue in stable enzootic conditions.

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“…All four compounds have been used in the field for more than 30 years, and resistance to each compound has been reported in trypanosome populations in a number of countries across Africa (14). Furthermore, in some instances, multiple drug resistance has been reported (2,3,9,16) and is a particular threat to livestock production. The origin of multiple resistance is unclear but may be associated with cross-resistance, due to the closely related chemical structures of the different compounds.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cross-resistance associated with development of resistance to isometamidium in a clone of Trypanosoma congolense

Peregrine

Gray

Moloo

1997

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Resistance to isometamidium was increased 94-fold in a clone of Trypanosoma congolense (clone IL 1180) by repeated subcurative treatment of infected mice for 11 months. This was associated with 3.4-, 33-, and 4.2-fold increases in resistance to diminazene, homidium, and quinapyramine, respectively. Both T. congolense IL 1180 and the resistant derivative were able to undergo cyclical development in Glossina morsitans centralis tsetse flies, producing hypopharyngeal infection rates of 40.0 and 39.8%, respectively.

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Multiple drug-resistant bovine trypanosomes in South Darfur Province, Sudan

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

Drug resistance in African animal trypanosomes: A review

Drug resistance in African animal trypanosomes: A review

Salmonellosis en el jabalí enano (Sus salvanius), un mamífero en situación crítica

Cross-resistance associated with development of resistance to isometamidium in a clone of Trypanosoma congolense

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