Multiple facets of serotonergic modulation

Beyeler, Anna; Ju, Anes; Chagraoui, Abdeslam; Cuvelle, Lise; Teixeira, Maxime; Giovanni, Giuseppe Di; Deurwaerdère, Philippe De

doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.02.002

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 223 publications

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“…genes were very rare. In mammals, the 5-HT2B, 2C or 5-HT7 receptors can control the activity of raphe neurons (Beyeler et al, 2021) but their expression level is very low (Huang K. W. et al, 2019;Okaty et al, 2019;Ren et al, 2019). This is consistent with our results that the expression level of the 5-HT2B, 2C or 5-HT7 receptors was too low to detect by our in situ hybridization system in this study.…”

Section: -Htr5a Expression In the Chick Brainstemsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…We examined 5-HTR1F, 5-HTR2A, 5-HTR2B, 5-HTR2C, 5-HTR3A, 5-HTR4 , and 5-HTR7 expression levels in sections around A2.4 to A0.8 in the P1 chick brainstem and did not detect any signal, suggesting that the expression levels of the 5-HTR genes were very low or the cells expressing the 5-HTR genes were very rare. In mammals, the 5-HT2B, 2C or 5-HT7 receptors can control the activity of raphe neurons ( Beyeler et al, 2021 ) but their expression level is very low ( Huang K. W. et al, 2019 ; Okaty et al, 2019 ; Ren et al, 2019 ). This is consistent with our results that the expression level of the 5-HT2B, 2C or 5-HT7 receptors was too low to detect by our in situ hybridization system in this study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serotonergic Neurons in the Chick Brainstem Express Various Serotonin Receptor Subfamily Genes

et al. 2022

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Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a phylogenetically conserved modulatory neurotransmitter. In mammals, 5-HT plays an important role in the regulation of many mental states and the processing of emotions in the central nervous system. Serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system, including the dorsal raphe (DR) and median raphe (MR) nuclei, are spatially clustered in the brainstem and provide ascending innervation to the entire forebrain and midbrain. Both between and within the DR and MR, these serotonergic neurons have different cellular characteristics, developmental origin, connectivity, physiology, and related behavioral functions. Recently, an understanding of the heterogeneity of the DR and MR serotonergic neurons has been developed at the molecular level. In birds, emotion-related behavior is suggested to be modulated by the 5-HT system. However, correspondence between the raphe nuclei of birds and mammals, as well as the cellular heterogeneity in the serotonergic neurons of birds are poorly understood. To further understand the heterogeneity of serotonergic neurons in birds, we performed a molecular dissection of the chick brainstem using in situ hybridization. In this study, we prepared RNA probes for chick orthologs of the following serotonin receptor genes: 5-HTR1A, 5-HTR1B, 5-HTR1D, 5-HTR1E, 5-HTR1F, 5-HTR2A, 5-HTR2B, 5-HTR2C, 5-HTR3A, 5-HTR4, 5-HTR5A, and 5-HTR7. We showed that the expression pattern of 5-HT receptors in the serotonin neurons of chick DR and MR may vary, suggesting heterogeneity among and within the serotonin neurons of the DR and MR in the chick brainstem. Our findings regarding the molecular properties of serotonergic neurons in the bird raphe system will facilitate a good understanding of the correspondence between bird and mammalian raphes.

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Section: -Htr5a Expression In the Chick Brainstemsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonergic Neurons in the Chick Brainstem Express Various Serotonin Receptor Subfamily Genes

et al. 2022

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“…Bifidobacteria have been shown to increase blood tryptophan levels, which in turn regulates 5HT synthesis [ 40 ]. This system plays a fundamental role in regulating mood, sleep and appetite [ 81 ]. All strains of bifidobacteria, whatever the species, are relatively sensitive to penicillins, including penicillin G, amoxicillin, piperacillin, ticarcillin, imipenem and also antibiotics such as macrolides, clindamycin, pristinamycin, vancomycin and teicoplanin [ 82 ].…”

Section: Off‐target Brain–gut–microbiota Actionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotics and mental health: The good, the bad and the ugly

Dinan

2022

J Intern Med

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Antibiotics are recognised as, on occasion, producing psychiatric side effects, most notably depression and anxiety. Apart from antimicrobial activity, antibiotics have multiple off-target effects. The brain-gut-microbiota axis has multiple sites for off-target activity, which may produce either positive or negative antibiotic effects. Here we review how antibiotics impact mental health by acting through the brain-gut-microbiota axis. Microbes in the gut influence brain function by acting through the vagus nerve or by altering the production of short-chain fatty acids or the amino acid tryptophan, the building block of serotonin. Not all antimicrobial actions of antibiotics have a negative impact. The first antidepressant discovered was actually an antibiotic: isoniazid is an antibacterial drug developed for treating tuberculo-sis. Minocycline, which enters the brain and mediates its effects through microglia, shows antidepressant activity. Some antibiotics bring about a significant decrease in gut microbial diversity, and this is viewed as a risk factor for depression. Other risk factors induced by antibiotics include altered gut barrier function, activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, reducing levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor or oxytocin and alteration of vagal tone. Although most patients taking antibiotics do not suffer from an iatrogenic psychiatric disorder, some do. As clinicians, we need to keep this in mind. The development of new antibiotics is primarily focused on antibiotic resistance, but efforts should be made to reduce off-target braingut-microbiota effects resulting in mental health problems.

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“…18,20,21 In addition, inhibitory GA-BAergic neurons, glutamatergic neurons, and cholinergic neurons alter neuronal firing through changes in K + and Ca 2+ channel permeability. 16,18,22 However, the direct modulatory role of adenosine on serotonin release has not been well understood, particularly in the DRN.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Adenosine Modulates Serotonin Release Indirectly in the Dorsal Raphe Nuclei

Shrestha,

Venton

2024

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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Rapid adenosine transiently regulates dopamine and glutamate via A 1 receptors, but other neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, have not been studied. In this study, we examined the rapid modulatory effect of adenosine on serotonin release in the dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN) of mouse brain slices by using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. To mimic adenosine release during damage, a rapid microinjection of adenosine at 50 pmol was applied before electrical stimulation of serotonin release. Transient adenosine significantly reduced electrically evoked serotonin release in the first 20 s after application, but serotonin release recovered to baseline as adenosine was cleared from the slice. The continuous perfusion of adenosine did not change the evoked serotonin release. Surprisingly, the modulatory effects of adenosine were not regulated by A 1 receptors as adenosine still inhibited serotonin release in A 1 KO mice and also after perfusion of an A 1 antagonist (8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropyl xanthine). The inhibition was also not regulated by A 3 receptors as perfusion of the A 3 antagonist (MRS 1220) in A 1 KO brain slices did not eliminate the inhibitory effects of transient adenosine. In addition, adenosine also inhibited serotonin release in A 2A KO mice, showing that A 2A did not modulate serotonin. However, perfusion of a selective 5HT 1A autoreceptor antagonist drug [(S)-WAY 100135 dihydrochloride] abolished the inhibitory effect of transient adenosine on serotonin release. Thus, the transient neuromodulatory effect of adenosine on DRN serotonin release is regulated by serotonin autoreceptors and not by adenosine receptors. Rapid, transient adenosine modulation of neurotransmitters such as serotonin may have important implications for diseases such as depression and brain injury.

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Multiple facets of serotonergic modulation

Cited by 9 publications

References 223 publications

Serotonergic Neurons in the Chick Brainstem Express Various Serotonin Receptor Subfamily Genes

Serotonergic Neurons in the Chick Brainstem Express Various Serotonin Receptor Subfamily Genes

Antibiotics and mental health: The good, the bad and the ugly

Transient Adenosine Modulates Serotonin Release Indirectly in the Dorsal Raphe Nuclei

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