Multiple ionization of copper by electron impact

Bolorizadeh, Mohammad Agha; Patton, Clare; Shah, M B; Gilbody, H B

doi:10.1088/0953-4075/27/1/019

Cited by 49 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The measurements considered for the 4s shell DI fit of the copper sequence (3d 10 4s) are for Cu i, Bolorizadeh et al (1994) and Bartlett & Stelbovics (2002); and for Zn ii, Peart et al (1991a) and Rogers et al (1982). The fit is in a reasonably good agreement with the measurements.…”

Section: Di: 3d and 4s Cross-sectionssupporting

confidence: 53%

X-ray emission from thin plasmas

Urdampilleta

Kaastra

Mehdipour

2017

A&A

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Every observation of astrophysical objects involving a spectrum requires atomic data for the interpretation of line fluxes, line ratios, and ionization state of the emitting plasma. One of the processes that determines it is collisional ionization. In this study, an update of the direct ionization (DI) and excitation-autoionization (EA) processes is discussed for the H to Zn-like isoelectronic sequences. In recent years, new laboratory measurements and theoretical calculations of ionization cross-sections have become available. We provide an extension and update of previous published reviews in the literature. We include the most recent experimental measurements and fit the cross-sections of all individual shells of all ions from H to Zn. These data are described using an extension of Younger's and Mewe's formula, suitable for integration over a Maxwellian velocity distribution to derive the subshell ionization rate coefficients. These ionization rate coefficients are incorporated in the high-resolution plasma code and spectral fitting tool SPEX V3.0.

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Section: Di: 3d and 4s Cross-sectionssupporting

confidence: 53%

X-ray emission from thin plasmas

Urdampilleta

Kaastra

Mehdipour

2017

A&A

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“…Together with all other relevant collisions ͑Coulomb collisions, elastic collisions, and charge exchange͒, these collisions were treated with the MCC scheme, and utilized experimentally measured cross section data. [28][29][30] The one-dimensional spatial coordinate and the three velocity components of each particle were followed every time step. The development of the plasma was analyzed through plasma macroquantities ͑number densities and temperature of each species, as well as electric potential in the system͒ that are outputted regularly.…”

Section: B Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of surface modification in the plasma-surface interaction in electrical arcs

et al. 2010

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Electrical sparks and arcs are plasma discharges that carry large currents and can strongly modify surfaces. This damage usually comes in the form of micrometer-sized craters and frozen-in liquid on the surface. Using a combination of experiments, plasma and atomistic simulation tools, we now show that the observed formation of deep craters and liquidlike features during sparking in vacuum is explained by the impacts of energetic ions, accelerated under the given conditions in the plasma sheath to kiloelectron volt energies, on surfaces. The flux in arcs is so high that in combination with kiloelectron volt energies it produces multiple overlapping heat spikes, which can lead to cratering even in materials such as Cu, where a single heat spike normally does not.

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“…For Zn, Cd, and Hg, the process was evidenced during determination of ionization efficiency curves near their thresholds [155]. A pulsed cross-beam technique incorporating time of flight spectroscopy [156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166] or related experimental procedures has been used since in additional studies of the ionization of several atoms.…”

confidence: 99%

High-temperature mass spectrometry: Instrumental techniques, ionization cross-sections, pressure measurements, and thermodynamic data (IUPAC Technical Report)

Drowart

Chatillon

Hastie

et al. 2005

Pure and Applied Chemistry

234

184

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An assessment of high-temperature mass spectrometry and of sources of inaccuracy is made. Experimental, calculated, and estimated cross-sections for ionization of atoms and inorganic molecules typically present in high-temperature vapors are summarized. Experimental cross-sections determined for some 56 atoms are generally close to theoretically calculated values, especially when excitation–autoionization is taken into account. Absolute or relative cross-sections for formation of parent ions were measured for ca. 100 molecules. These include homonuclear diatomic and polyatomic molecules, oxides, chalcogenides, halides, and hydroxides. Additivity of atomic cross-sections supplemented by empirical corrections provides fair estimates of molecular cross-sections. Causes of uncertainty are differences in interatomic distances and in shapes of potential energy curves (surfaces) of neutral molecules and of molecular ions and tendency toward dissociative ionization in certain types of molecules. Various mass spectrometric procedures are described that render the accuracy of measured thermodynamic properties of materials largely independent of ionization cross-sections. This accuracy is comparable with that of other techniques applicable under the conditions of interest, but often only the mass spectrometric procedure is appropriate at high temperatures.

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Multiple ionization of copper by electron impact

Cited by 49 publications

References 12 publications

X-ray emission from thin plasmas

X-ray emission from thin plasmas

Mechanism of surface modification in the plasma-surface interaction in electrical arcs

High-temperature mass spectrometry: Instrumental techniques, ionization cross-sections, pressure measurements, and thermodynamic data (IUPAC Technical Report)

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