Multiple myeloma in patients up to 30 years of age: a multicenter retrospective study of 52 cases

Abstract

A small proportion of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) are diagnosed at a very young age. The clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of these patients are not well known. This analysis included 52 patients diagnosed with MM at the age of ≤30 years (range: 8-30 years). 68% of patients had International Scoring System (ISS) 1 MM; 22% presented with the light chain-only disease, and 48% with elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). 85% of patients were treated with novel agents, and 62% received front-line autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Overall response rate (ORR) to front-line treatment and ASCT were 71% and 90%, respectively. The group was followed-up for the median period of 86 months. The median overall survival (OS) was 166 months (95% CI: 53-222), with 5-year OS rate of 77% (95% CI: 61.0-87.9). This findings suggest that the prognosis in young MM patients may be as good if not better than in the general population of MM patients.

Non-secretory myeloma in young man mimicking the Gorham disease: case report and the literature review

“…Another biologic particularity seen in younger MM in The Jurczyszyn series was the high rate of LDH [34]. However, this finding was not found in our patient.…”

“…However, stage III of the ISS is rare [6,39]. Indeed, 68% of the patients in the Jurczyszyn cohort were diagnosed in stage I of ISS [34]. Additionally, survival among young MM seems to be longer than older MM, especially in the non-secretory form [42].…”

A Case of Multiple Myeloma in a 17-Year-Old Girl Treated with Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (ASCT)

“…In a multicenter retrospective study of 52 patients diagnosed with myeloma at the age of ≤30 years (age range, 8–30 years), the median overall survival was approximately 14 years. The prognosis of multiple myeloma in young patients was reported to be as good as if not better than that of myeloma patients overall, possibly because of the use of novel agents and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) in younger patients [11]. The patient presented in this report showed a good response to treatment, which included autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT), and this response was sustained for more than a year on clinical follow-up.…”

Case Report: Multiple Vertebral Compression Fractures in 14-Year-Old Children With Multiple Myeloma

“…There have been previous sporadic reports of similar clinical presentations of MM in younger patients such as involving a mild inflammation in the T10 region in an 8year-old boy, a destructive mass of the L3 vertebra in a 14-year-old boy, and a lytic bone lesion in the wing of the left ilium in a 17year-old girl (9,11,12). In children and adolescents, although MM is rare in this population, prior reports showed a less aggressive clinical presentation than in adults (5,13,14).…”