Multiple Norovirus Outbreaks Due to Shredded, Dried, Laver Seaweed in Japan

Kusumi, Eiji; Tanimoto, Tetsuya; Hosoda, Kazutaka; Tsubokura, Masaharu; Hamaki, Tamae; Takahashi, K.; Kami, Masahiro

doi:10.1017/ice.2017.70

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…However, the disease caused by NV has been linked to seaweed. In 2017, more than 2000 persons in Japan got ill with NV gastroenteritis from eating dried shredded seaweed (nori) [28,100]. The nori was used as a topping on cooked rice.…”

Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Food Safety of Seaweeds

Løvdal

Lunestad

Myrmel

et al. 2021

Foods

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The use of seaweeds in the human diet has a long history in Asia and has now been increasing also in the western world. Concurrent with this trend, there is a corresponding increase in cultivation and harvesting for commercial production. Edible seaweed is a heterogenous product category including species within the green, red, and brown macroalgae. Moreover, the species are utilized on their own or in combinatorial food products, eaten fresh or processed by a variety of technologies. The present review summarizes available literature with respect to microbiological food safety and quality of seaweed food products, including processing and other factors controlling these parameters, and emerging trends to improve on the safety, utilization, quality, and storability of seaweeds. The over- or misuse of antimicrobials and the concurrent development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria is a current worldwide health concern. The role of seaweeds in the development of AMR and the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes is an underexplored field of research and is discussed in that context. Legislation and guidelines relevant to edible seaweed are also discussed.

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Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Food Safety of Seaweeds

Løvdal

Lunestad

Myrmel

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…Human noroviruses cause acute gastroenteritis in medical facilities, schools and restaurants, and the economic burden of the illness is $4.2 billion and $60.3 billion in direct medical and indirect societal costs per year, respectively (Bartsch et al 2016). Varied infection vehicles of human norovirus have been reported, including shellfish (Campos and Lees 2014), fruits (Berger et al 2010) and other foods such as dried laver seaweed (Kusumi et al 2017). Human noroviruses grow in small intestinal epithelial cells after a latency period of 12 to 48 h and cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting (Dolin et al 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virucidal Efficacy of Olanexidine Gluconate as a Hand Antiseptic Against Human Norovirus

et al. 2020

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Human noroviruses are the major cause of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Since no therapeutic agent has been proven to prevent human norovirus infection yet, preventive healthcare interventions to block the infection routes play an important role in infection control. One of the possible infection routes of human noroviruses are through contaminated hands, but no hand antiseptics have been proven effective. Olanexidine gluconate is a new biguanide compound that has already been approved for sale as an antiseptic for the surgical field in Japan. A new hand antiseptic was developed using olanexidine gluconate in this study, and its virucidal efficacy against human noroviruses was evaluated using modified RT-qPCR that can account for genome derived from intact viruses using RNase A and photo-reactive intercalators. We tested the virucidal efficacy of five materials; two olanexidine gluconate antiseptics (hand rub formulation and surgical field formulation), two kinds of ethanol solutions at different pH (approx. 3 or 7), and a base component of olanexidine gluconate hand rub formulation against 11 human norovirus genotypes by culture-independent methods. The infectivity of murine norovirus (MNV), a surrogate for human norovirus, was significantly reduced after use of the antiseptics. The olanexidine gluconate hand rub demonstrated the strongest virucidal efficacy against human norovirus among the five tested materials. This study showed that olanexidine gluconate has the potential to become a strong tool for the prevention of human norovirus infection.

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“…Outbreak 1 was reported on January 26 in 4 kindergartens, 6 elementary schools, and 5 junior high schools in the prefecture of Wakayama, Japan ( 1 ). A total of 1,943 children and 119 school staff members had eaten lunch the day before; of these, 678 (34.9%) children and 85 (71.4%) school staff members had acute gastroenteritis.…”

Section: The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Outbreak 2 was reported on February 17 in 7 elementary schools in the city of Tachikawa, part of metropolitan Tokyo, Japan ( 1 ). A total of 1,084 (35.2%) of the 3,078 persons who ate the lunch served the day before had gastrointestinal symptoms.…”

Section: The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%