Multiple oncogenic viruses identified in Ocular surface squamous neoplasia in HIV-1 patients

Abstract

BackgroundOcular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is a rare cancer that has increased in incidence with the HIV pandemic in Africa. The underlying cause of this cancer in HIV-infected patients from Botswana is not well defined.ResultsTissues were obtained from 28 OSSN and 8 pterygia patients. The tissues analyzed from OSSN patients were 83% positive for EBV, 75% were HPV positive, 70% were KSHV positive, 75% were HSV-1/2 positive, and 61% were CMV positive by PCR. Tissues from pterygium patients were 88% positive for EBV, 75% were HPV positive, 50% were KSHV positive, and 60% were CMV positive. None of the patients were JC or BK positive. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry analyses further identified HPV, EBV, and KSHV in a subset of the tissue samples.ConclusionWe identified the known oncogenic viruses HPV, KSHV, and EBV in OSSN and pterygia tissues. The presence of these tumor viruses in OSSN suggests that they may contribute to the development of this malignancy in the HIV population. Further studies are necessary to characterize the molecular mechanisms associated with viral antigens and their potential role in the development of OSSN.

Characterization of the OSSN Microbiome in HIV-1 Infected Patients

“…The direct association and contribution of some of the parasites and the vector moieties to the overall pathology of the cancer is not known. Interestingly, we observed a greater number of herpes type viruses that have been associated with oncogenesis (McDonnell, 1986;Simbiri et al, 2010;Hoshikawa, Satoh, Murakami, et al 2002), and bacteria, parasites, and fungi whose co-infection leads to enhanced immunosuppression of the HIV infected host (Lloyd-Smith, Poss, & Grenfell, 2008;Barnabas, Webb, Weiss, & Wasserheit, 2011). Fungal S. pombe and the common free living soil nematode C.elegans were also detected.…”

“…Our study of OSSN tissues from Botswana HIV-1 infected patients has led to significant findings, namely the association of multiple oncogenic viruses with this cancer (Simbiri et al, 2010). In the current study through cloning and pyrosequencing, our results showed sequences of additional viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites in the sera of the patients.…”

“…The identification of the known oncogenic viruses HPV, KSHV, and EBV in OSSN and pterygia tissues suggests that they may contribute to the development of this malignancy in the HIV-1 infected population (Simbiri, Murakami, Feldman, et al, 2010). The aim of this study was to obtain a more comprehensive identification of the associated microbiome in patients with OSSN in the HIV-1 infected population in Botswana.…”

“…The significance of microbes in cancer initiation and maintenance cannot be emphasized enough when the many processes they can influence are considered (Table 1). All patient diagnosis and enrollment were as described previously (Simbiri et al, 2010). Briefly, patients were identified by an ophthalmologist in the tertiary care ophthalmology clinic at Princess Marina Hospital which serves as the referral center for southern Botswana.…”

Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

“…Иммуногистохими-ческие исследования удаленного материала у ВИЧ инфицированных пациентов по поводу СНГП выявили мультифакториальную приро-ду новообразования. Так, в гистологических срезах определялись такие онкогенные вирусы как вирус папилломы человека, Эпштейна-Барр и саркомы Капоши [24].…”