Multiple Primary Malignant Neoplasms in the Genitourinary Tract: Occurrence and Etiology

Matzkin, Haim; Braf, Z

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)38649-4

Cited by 42 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 189 publications

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“…There is cumulative evidence which suggests a cardinal role of the genitourinary system in the incidence of multi ple primary malignant neoplasms (MPMNs) relative to other organ systems [9], Moertel et al [10] reported that 26% of cases with double primary carcinoma and 39% of cases with more than 3 primary tumors had at least one primary cancer of genitourinary origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Primary Malignant Neoplasms Associated with Prostate Cancer in 312 Consecutive Cases

Kawakami

Fukui²,

Yonese³

et al. 1997

Urol Int

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The relative risk for a second primary cancer after the diagnosis of prostate cancer and the prognostic impact of the association of multiple primary malignant neoplasms (MPMNs) in patients with prostate cancer were analyzed in a retrospective study. The development of MPMNs was examined in 312 consecutive patients who had been diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1966 and 1992. The population-based cancer incidence rates in Japan were utilized to calculate the expected number of MPMNs. Of the 312 patients, 60 fulfilled the diagnosis of MPMNs. In 13 men, prostate cancer and other malignancies were diagnosed simultaneously. In 35 of the 312 patients, prostate cancer was the second or third cancer diagnosis. In the remaining 287 patients, prostate cancer developed initially. Of the 287 patients, 12 developed a second primary malignancy compared with 17 expected (relative risk 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.45–1.4). No single anatomic site showed a significantly increased risk above that expected either. The overall survival of patients with prostate cancer was not reduced by the association with MPMNs. This may be explained by the fact that the stage of the prostate cancer was lower in patients with MPMNs than in patients without MPMNs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Primary Malignant Neoplasms Associated with Prostate Cancer in 312 Consecutive Cases

Kawakami

Fukui²,

Yonese³

et al. 1997

Urol Int

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“…Several reports suggest an increased susceptibility of the urogenital tract to neoplastic transformation, since urological organs are involved in 14% of patients with MPMN [3, 5]. The present paper reports on the unusual finding of 1 patient with 5 separate neoplasms of different tissues and organs: Hodgkin’s disease, carcinoma of the cervix, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer and urothelial malignancies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Conflicting reports suggested an increased risk for cancer patients, due to hormonal, environmental, iatrogenic or genetic predisposing factors, as well as a decreased risk, due to an induction of anticancer immunity by the first neoplasms [3, 23]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although ‘cancer often strikes twice’ [2], and although the incidence of MPMN varies between 4.2 and 36% due to biased analyses [3], the occurrence of more than three PMN in the same patient is a very rare event. A retrospective review of 140,000 records of cancer patients demonstrated only 1 patient (0.0007%) with more than four independent primary cancers [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Involvement of the Urogenital Tract in Patients with Five or More Separate Malignant Neoplasms

Rohde

Jakse²

1998

European Urology

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“…Karsinogeneze ilişkin teoriler başta olmak üzere iki primer malignitenin gelişmesi pek çok faktörün etkisi altındadır. İmmün yetmezlik, tümör süpresör genlerdeki kalıtımsal defekt, persistan çevresel karsinojenik etki, genetik instabilite, saha kanserleşmesi, artmış sistemik kemoterapi ve radyoterapi kullanımı, hormonal manipülasyon, genetik/ hedefe yönelik tedavi, doku transplantasyonu, artmış sağkalım, yaşlılık, sigara, diyet gibi birçok nedene bağlı gelişebilmektedir (4,34,35). Kanser gelişiminde en hararetle tartışılan konu bu gelişimin klonal mi yoksa oligoklonal mi olduğu yönündedir ve bu nedenle sıklıkla bu iki hipotez üzerinde durulmaktadır.…”

Section: Multipl Sekonder Tümör Gelişimiunclassified

Synchronous and Metachronous Secondary Tumors of Bladder Cancer Patients

Dirim¹,

Özkardeş²,

Hasırcı³

2016

uob

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GirişMultipl primer kanserler (MPK) ilk olarak 1889 yılında Billroth tarafından farklı histolojide, farklı organda ve farklı zaman aralığında ortaya çıkan tümörler olarak tanımlanmıştır (1). Bu tanımlama sistemi Warren ve Gates (2) tarafından 1932 yılında modifiye edilerek günümüzde kullanılan şeklini almıştır. Güncel tanımlamaya göre multipl primer tümörlerde olması gereken üç özellik (a) her tümörün klinik ve histolojik özellikleriyle malign olduğunun ortaya konulması; (b) her birinin histolojik olarak farklı tümörler olması; (c) herhangi bir tümörün diğerinin nüksü ya da metastazı olmadığının gösterilmesi şeklinde belirlenmektedir.İlk primer tümör genellikle indeks tümör olarak da adlandırılır. Çoklu primer tümörler senkron veya metakron tümörler olmak üzere iki grupta değerlendirilmektedir. Ancak senkron ve metakron tümör tanımı için bir uzlaşı söz konusu değildir. SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) ölçütlerine göre ilk tümör tanısından itibaren iki ay içerisinde yeni tanı konmuş kanserler için senkron, iki aydan sonrası için metakron tanımının kullanılması önerilmektedir (3). İki aydan daha kısa sürede ortaya çıkan tümörler için bazı çalışmalarda simültane tümör terimi de kullanılmıştır (4). Moertel (5), yeni bir tanımlama getirerek ikincil tümör, indeks tümör tanısından itibaren altı ay içerisinde görülürse senkron, altı aydan sonra The improvements in cancer treatment prolonged survival in patients. Despite this survival benefit, chemotherapies, radiotherapies or combination therapies, and continuing exposure to the same carcinogenic agents may lead to secondary cancers. Multiple primary neoplasm is described as multiple tumors in a single patient posing distinct individual malignant characteristics with definite exclusion of one tumor is the metastasis of the other. According to the time of onset, these are considered to be synchronous or metachronous tumors. While synchronous tumors often occur due to carcinogen exposure, metachronous tumors often develop after treatments such as radiotherapy. Although the cause and developmental mechanisms of multiple primary tumors are not clear, several factors including immune deficiency, genetic instability, increased use of systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy, increased survival, elderliness, and smoking have been implicated. The two developmental hypotheses in development of multiple primary tumors appear as field cancerization and common clonal origin. Multiple primary tumors often involve respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary systems. Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder may also rise as part of synchronous or metachronous multiple tumors. We still lack large scale studies relevant to the treatment of multiple primary cancers. Close follow-up in primary malignant tumor patients is of extreme importance for the risk of secondary cancers. Keywords: Multiple primary tumor, synchronous and metachronous tumors, secondary tumor, bladder cancer Kanser tedavisindeki gelişmeler kanserli hastalarda sağkalımı uzatmaktadır. Ancak...

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Multiple Primary Malignant Neoplasms in the Genitourinary Tract: Occurrence and Etiology

Cited by 42 publications

References 189 publications

Multiple Primary Malignant Neoplasms Associated with Prostate Cancer in 312 Consecutive Cases

Multiple Primary Malignant Neoplasms Associated with Prostate Cancer in 312 Consecutive Cases

Involvement of the Urogenital Tract in Patients with Five or More Separate Malignant Neoplasms

Synchronous and Metachronous Secondary Tumors of Bladder Cancer Patients

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