Multiple responses optimization of antioxidative components extracted from Fenugreek seeds using response surface methodology to identify their chemical compositions

Abstract

Fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum‐graecum L.), one kind of traditional Chinese medicine, are reported to be of great potential as a new alternative in terms of their bioactive components. In our present study, an ultrasonic‐assisted method was applied in the extraction of antioxidative components from fenugreek seeds. Four factors: ethanol concentration, liquid–solid ratio, sonication time, and sonication power were selected and multiple responses were studied using the response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of factors along with the correlation between all responses (flavonoids content, 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, OH− assay) were studied. The regression model indicated that all four factors are of significant effect on all responses. The model predicted that the ethanol concentration of 72%, solvent‐to‐material ratio of 35 ml/g, ultrasonic time of 41 min, and 500 W of power would provide a flavonoid yield of 9.10 mg/g, DPPH clearance of 80.33%, and OH− clearance of 24.28%, respectively. The confirmation test showed the closeness of the predicted results with those of experimental values. And AB‐8 resin was successfully used to purify the fenuellus hulusi seed extract, and the flavonoid concentration of 78.14% was obtained. Six flavonoids (Swertisin, Puerarin apioside, Jasminoside B, Astragalin, Apigenin‐7‐O‐beta‐D‐glucoside, and Apiin) were successfully identified by the liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis.

Determination of 44 major components and chemical profiling of saccharide in Chinese medicinal formula Lanqin Oral Liquid

“…The contents of geniposide ( 1 ) ranged from 4.82 to 7.50 mg/ml, which conformed to quality standard of LQL (not less than 2.50 mg/ml). In addition to the quality control compound, other high‐content compounds were also reported to present promising antiviral and anti‐inflammatory effects, which may be closely related to the efficacy of LQL 32–40 . For example, stachyose ( 44 ) could alleviate acute colitis in mice by increasing beneficial microbiota and bacterial diversity, which might be a new potential way to ulcerative colitis patients 32 .…”

“…Group A contained 15 compounds (compounds 3-7, [20][21][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] with IS1 (50.0 ng/ml) and IS2 (7.0 ng/ml). Group B comprised 25 compounds (compounds 9-19, [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] with IS1 (50.0 ng/ml) and IS3 (50.0 ng/ml). Group C included four compounds (compounds 1, 2, 8, and 44) with IS1 (50.0 ng/ml) and IS3 (50.0 ng/ml).…”

“…In addition to the quality control compound, other high-content compounds were also reported to present promising antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects, which may be closely related to the efficacy of LQL. [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] For example, stachyose (44) could alleviate acute colitis in mice by increasing beneficial microbiota and bacterial diversity, which might be a new potential way to ulcerative colitis patients. 32 Baicalin (29) not only presented significant antiviral activities as inhibition of EV71 replication 33 but also exerted antiinflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB signalling pathway and down-regulating the TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8.…”

Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Molecular Mechanism Underlying the Massive Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Seeds

“…One study identified flavonoid glycosides in fenugreek seeds, and the main flavones were apigenin adducts, followed by luteolin derivatives [ 5 ]. Another study also identified astragalin and apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside in fenugreek seeds by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis [ 23 ]. Taken together, these studies showed that flavonoids and related derivatives may be the main secondary metabolites in fenugreek.…”