Multiple scattering of light by water cloud droplets with external and internal mixing of black carbon aerosols

Abstract

The mixture of water cloud droplets with black carbon impurities is modeled by external and internal mixing models. The internal mixing model is modeled with a two-layered sphere (water cloud droplets containing black carbon (BC) inclusions), and the single scattering and absorption characteristics are calculated at the visible wavelength of 0.55 µm by using the Lorenz-Mie theory. The external mixing model is developed assuming that the same amount of BC particles are mixed with the water droplets externally. The multiple scattering characteristics are computed by using the Monte Carlo method. The results show that when the size of the BC aerosol is small, the reflection intensity of the internal mixing model is bigger than that of the external mixing model. However, if the size of the BC aerosol is big, the absorption of the internal mixing model will be larger than that of the external mixing model.

Effects of Aerosol Mixing States on the Aerosol Multiple Scattering Properties and the Light Transmittances

“…Cheng has studied the effects of the aerosol mixing state on the upward radiance/polarization and hemispheric flux of soot aerosols using the vector radiative transfer model [14]. Wang has studied the effects of the mixing state of black carbon aerosols on reflection function and plane albedos [15]. Nevertheless, so far, the light transmission through mixed aerosols, considering multiple-scattering effects, has not been reported.…”

Multi-wavelength measurements of aerosol optical absorption coefficients using a photoacoustic spectrometer

“…Apart from the negative effect on human health and visibility, atmospheric aerosols also play a key role in the global climate system by its direct effects (scattering and absorption of the solar radiation) [1] and indirect effects (modification of cloud properties and abundance) [2,3] on climate. Among these factors, aerosol absorption is of particular importance for both direct and indirect aerosol effects.…”

IR and Raman Spectroscopic Studies on Three Mineral Drug Montmorillonite Powders for Children

“…Because montmorillonite is effective as an adsorptive of heavy metals and increases greatly in volume when absorbing water, its powder is usually used to cure the diarrhea or liquid stools for adults and children effectively. [1][2][3][4] In the pharmaceutical engineering, this mineral drug is commonly formed by adding a small amount of pharmaceutical excipients (glucose, C 6 H 12 O 6 ; [5] saccharin sodium, C 7 H 4 NNaO 3 S•2H 2 O; [6] vanillin, C 8 H 8 O 3 ; [7] and strawberry essence, [8] etc.) into the montmorillonite powder (MP), especially for children.…”