Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) following COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review

Mirmosayyeb, Omid; Ghaffary, Elham Moases; Vaheb, Saeed; Pourkazemi, Razieh; Shaygannejad, Vahid

doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2022.11.004

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…With regard to the safety of the vaccines, adverse effects following COVID-19 vaccination are increasingly being noticed and studied, including cardiovascular [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , neurological [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] as well as autoimmune and inflammatory [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS, “long COVID”) and post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PCVS, “post-COVIDvac-syndrome”): Similarities and differences

Scholkmann

May

2023

Pathology - Research and Practice

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS, “long COVID”) and post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PCVS, “post-COVIDvac-syndrome”): Similarities and differences

Scholkmann

May

2023

Pathology - Research and Practice

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“…COVID-19 vaccination has been recognized as a triggering factor for the onset or relapse of multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders. 14,15 Immunological aberrancy which would be probably induced by COVID-19 vaccination might result in demyelinating disorders in the brain and spinal cord. 16 Autoimmune diseases, including hypophysitis resulting in hypopituitarism, have been well recognized as immunerelated adverse events which are sequel to immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of cancers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral Optic Neuritis and Hypophysitis With Diabetes Insipidus 1 Month After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine: Case Report and Literature Review

Matsuo

Okubo

Mifune³

et al. 2023

Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports

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Either optic neuritis (neuropathy) or hypopituitarism has been known to occur separately after COVID-19 vaccination. In this report, we describe the rare combination of hypophysitis and optic neuritis which occurred after COVID-19 vaccination. A 74-year-old woman began to have thirst, polydipsia, and polyuria, and was diagnosed as central diabetes insipidus 1 month after the fourth COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disclosed the thickened pituitary stalk and enlarged pituitary gland with high contrast enhancement as well as the absence of high-intensity signals in the posterior pituitary lobe on the T1-weighted image, leading to the diagnosis of lymphocytic hypophysitis. She was well with desmopressin nasal spray until further 2 months later, when she developed bilateral optic neuritis, together with gait disturbance, intention tremor of the upper extremities, urinary retention, constipation, abnormal sensation in the distal part of the lower extremities, and moderate hemiplegia on the left side. Autoantibodies, including anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), were all negative. She showed multifocal spinal cord lesions on MRI and oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid obtained by spinal tap, and so underwent steroid pulse therapy with methylprednisolone in the tentative diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, resulting in visual acuity recovery and alleviation of neurological symptoms. In the literature review, the combination of optic neuritis and hypophysitis, mostly with diabetes insipidus, was reported in 15 patients as case reports before the years of COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 vaccination would trigger the onset of hypophysitis and optic neuritis in this patient.

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“…Although the disease mainly affects the respiratory system, an increasing number of studies are indicating that SARS-CoV-2 could also cause an extensive range of neurological complications, such as altered mental status, headache, dizziness, hyposmia, new-onset psychosis, neurocognitive syndrome, and affective disorders ( Fotuhi et al, 2020 ; Mao et al, 2020 ; Pezzini and Padovani, 2020 ; Pleasure et al, 2020 ; Varatharaj et al, 2020 ; Ariño et al, 2022 ). Neurological adverse events such as multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder were reported following COVID-19 vaccines ( Mirmosayyeb et al, 2023 ). However, the mechanism of those central nervous system (CNS) manifestations is still unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-neutralizing antibodies to SARS-Cov-2-related linear epitopes induce psychotic-like behavior in mice

Wei

You

et al. 2023

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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ObjectiveAn increasing number of studies have reported that numerous patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and vaccinated individuals have developed central nervous system (CNS) symptoms, and that most of the antibodies in their sera have no virus-neutralizing ability. We tested the hypothesis that non-neutralizing anti-S1-111 IgG induced by the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) could negatively affect the CNS.MethodsAfter 14-day acclimation, the grouped ApoE-/- mice were immunized four times (day 0, day 7, day 14, day 28) with different spike-protein-derived peptides (coupled with KLH) or KLH via subcutaneous injection. Antibody level, state of glial cells, gene expression, prepulse inhibition, locomotor activity, and spatial working memory were assessed from day 21.ResultsAn increased level of anti-S1-111 IgG was measured in their sera and brain homogenate after the immunization. Crucially, anti-S1-111 IgG increased the density of microglia, activated microglia, and astrocytes in the hippocampus, and we observed a psychomotor-like behavioral phenotype with defective sensorimotor gating and impaired spontaneity among S1-111-immunized mice. Transcriptome profiling showed that up-regulated genes in S1-111-immunized mice were mainly associated with synaptic plasticity and mental disorders.DiscussionOur results show that the non-neutralizing antibody anti-S1-111 IgG induced by the spike protein caused a series of psychotic-like changes in model mice by activating glial cells and modulating synaptic plasticity. Preventing the production of anti-S1-111 IgG (or other non-neutralizing antibodies) may be a potential strategy to reduce CNS manifestations in COVID-19 patients and vaccinated individuals.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) following COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review

Cited by 16 publications

References 94 publications

COVID-19, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS, “long COVID”) and post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PCVS, “post-COVIDvac-syndrome”): Similarities and differences

COVID-19, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS, “long COVID”) and post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PCVS, “post-COVIDvac-syndrome”): Similarities and differences

Bilateral Optic Neuritis and Hypophysitis With Diabetes Insipidus 1 Month After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine: Case Report and Literature Review

Non-neutralizing antibodies to SARS-Cov-2-related linear epitopes induce psychotic-like behavior in mice

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