Multiple stereotypes of elderly and young adults: A comparison of structure and evaluations.

Hummert, Mary Lee

doi:10.1037/0882-7974.5.2.182

Cited by 300 publications

(285 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…impolite, spoiled, reckless). As stereotypes of age groups have been studied extensively, we used existing literature (Hummert, 1990;Kite, Deaux, & Miele, 1991;Schmidt & Boland, 1986;Wentura & Brandstädter, 2003) to obtain these. As fillers we used twenty irrelevant non-metastereotypical items (e.g.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking through the eyes of the powerful

Lammers

Gordijn

Otten

2008

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

116

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Across four experiments, we test the idea that power decreases metastereotyping, and that this effect is mediated by reduced perspective taking. Metastereotypes refer to the beliefs that members of group A share about the stereotypes that members of specific outgroup B typically have about ingroup A. We propose that the dominant psychological orientation of the powerless is aimed at seeing how others see them. In an intergroup situation they are therefore inclined to activate and apply metastereotypes. In the first three experiments we consistently find that low power leads to more metastereotyping than high power and control (in Experiment 3). Specifically, we show this effect with three different manipulations of power, namely a role manipulation (Experiment 1), experiential priming (Experiment 2), and parafoveal priming (Experiment 3). In the fourth experiment we uncover the mediating role of perspective taking. Together these findings provide strong evidence that powerlessness leads to metastereotyping

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking through the eyes of the powerful

Lammers

Gordijn

Otten

2008

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

116

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“…Although the elderly stereotype tends to feature many undesirable associations, it is also associated with positive concepts such as wisdom, family orientation, and support (Hummert, 1990;North & Fiske, 2012). A focus on nurturing goals and on building meaningful emotional connections with others, especially with younger relatives, is often a key feature of identities associated with late-life stages (e.g., a grandparent identity).…”

Section: Illustrating the Conflict Principle: Aging And Lifespan Of Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Identity-based consumer behavior

Reed

Forehand

Puntoni

et al. 2012

International Journal of Research in Marketing

461

345

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Although the influence of identity on consumer behavior has been documented in many streams of literature, the absence of a consistent definition of identity and of generally accepted principles regarding the drivers of identity-based behavior complicates comparisons across these literatures. To resolve that problem, we propose a simple but inclusive definition of identity. Identity can be defined as any category label with which a consumer selfassociates that is amenable to a clear picture of what a person in that category looks like, thinks, feels and does. Building from this definition, we propose the following five basic principles that can help researchers model the process of identity formation and expression:(1) Identity Salience: identity processing increases when the identity is an active component of the self; (2) Identity Association: the non-conscious association of stimuli with a positive and salient identity improves a person's response to the stimuli; (3) Identity Relevance: the deliberative evaluation of identity-linked stimuli depends on how diagnostic the identity is in the relevant domain; (4) Identity Verification: individuals monitor their own behaviors to manage and reinforce their identities; and (5) Identity Conflict: identity-linked behaviors help consumers manage the relative prominence of multiple identities. To illustrate the potential usefulness of these principles for guiding identity research, we discuss new avenues for identity research and explain how these principles could help guide investigations into these areas.

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“…Conventional stereotypes of old age tend to be more negative than stereotypes of younger groups (e.g., Kite & Johnson, 1988). However, research has identified multiple positive and negative subtypes of old age (e.g., Brewer, Dull, & Lui, 1981;Brewer & Lui, 1984;Hummert, 1990;Hummert, Garstka, Shaner, & Strahm, 1994). Analysis of older adults' discourse on aging can reveal how they draw upon these stereotypes in building their age identities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Representation of age identities in on-line discourse

Lin

Hummert

Harwood

2004

Journal of Aging Studies

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This study examines how age identities are presented in an on-line discussion forum for older adults. On-line messages (N = 550) were examined using discourse and content analyses. Evidence of a tension between positive and negative age identities emerged in the analysis. Positive themes included a mind-over-body attitude, active engagement, wisdom and maturity, and the freedom of age. Negative themes involved physical decline, a sense of loss, and resistance to aging. Positive age identity themes were more frequently presented in these on-line messages than negative themes, and health-related messages were the most common. The central communication features and framing tactics of each age identity theme are discussed. Implications for theoretical perspectives on discourse and social identity, the limitations of this study, and directions for future research are addressed.

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Multiple stereotypes of elderly and young adults: A comparison of structure and evaluations.

Cited by 300 publications

References 17 publications

Looking through the eyes of the powerful

Looking through the eyes of the powerful

Identity-based consumer behavior

Representation of age identities in on-line discourse

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