Multiple tests on saffron find new adulterant materials and reveal that Ist grade saffron is rare in the market

Khilare, V. C.; Tiknaik, Anita; Prakash, B. Aditya; Ughade, Balasaheb; Korhale, G A; Nalage, Dinesh; Ahmed, Nadeem; Khedkar, Chandraprakash; Khedkar, G.D.

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.089

Cited by 50 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Increasing the flower number of saffron crocus is a viable way to produce more saffron to meet the ever-increasing demand in the market [4, 5]. Research has been conducted to investigate the factors that affect floral development including temperature, photoperiod, corm size, and bud position [2, 6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-molecule real-time transcript sequencing identified flowering regulatory genes in Crocus sativus

et al. 2019

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BackgroundSaffron crocus (Crocus sativus) is a valuable spice with medicinal uses in gynaecopathia and nervous system diseases. Identify flowering regulatory genes plays a vital role in increasing flower numbers, thereby resulting in high saffron yield.ResultsTwo full length transcriptome gene sets of flowering and non-flowering saffron crocus were established separately using the single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing method. A total of sixteen SMRT cells generated 22.85 GB data and 75,351 full-length saffron crocus unigenes on the PacBio RS II panel and further obtained 79,028 SSRs, 72,603 lncRNAs and 25,400 alternative splicing (AS) events. Using an Illumina RNA-seq platform, an additional fifteen corms with different flower numbers were sequenced. Many differential expression unigenes (DEGs) were screened separately between flowering and matched non-flowering top buds with cold treatment (1677), flowering top buds of 20 g corms and non-flowering top buds of 6 g corms (1086), and flowering and matched non-flowering lateral buds (267). A total of 62 putative flower-related genes that played important roles in vernalization (VRNs), gibberellins (G3OX, G2OX), photoperiod (PHYB, TEM1, PIF4), autonomous (FCA) and age (SPLs) pathways were identified and a schematic representation of the flowering gene regulatory network in saffron crocus was reported for the first time. After validation by real-time qPCR in 30 samples, two novel genes, PB.20221.2 (p = 0.004, r = 0.52) and PB.38952.1 (p = 0.023, r = 0.41), showed significantly higher expression levels in flowering plants. Tissue distribution showed specifically high expression in flower organs and time course expression analysis suggested that the transcripts increasingly accumulated during the flower development period.ConclusionsFull-length transcriptomes of flowering and non-flowering saffron crocus were obtained using a combined NGS short-read and SMRT long-read sequencing approach. This report is the first to describe the flowering gene regulatory network of saffron crocus and establishes a reference full-length transcriptome for future studies on saffron crocus and other Iridaceae plants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-molecule real-time transcript sequencing identified flowering regulatory genes in Crocus sativus

et al. 2019

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“…Owing to its health benefits and flavor attributes, saffron is mainly used in the food industry. Currently, about 90% of saffron is produced in Iran (Khilare et al, 2019). However, the Iranian agricultural sector is faced with major problems of post-production; the main source of these problems is the lack of relevant business strategies (Mohammadi et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods to Rank Business Strategies and Marketing Resources

Tohidi

Ghorbani

Karbasi

et al. 2020

AOL

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Given the growing competition in domestic and international agricultural product markets, choosing a business strategy compatible with requirements of marketing resources can guide agro-food firms to maintain and enhance competitive advantages. However, this is not as simple as it seems because the decision-making criteria expressed in a fuzzy manner and the relationship between them can be hierarchical or network-based. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to select the most suitable business strategy and to prioritize marketing resources for one of the major agro-food firms in Iran. To ensure the robustness of the results, both fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy analytic network process (ANP) were applied to prioritize business strategies and marketing resources. The results of both methods revealed that the differentiation strategy had the highest priority in terms of the experts' viewpoints. The results also showed that managerial and customer relationship capabilities were the most important criteria in selecting the differentiation strategy. According to the findings of the study, for the successful implementation of the differentiation strategy, company managers are recommended to take the following three main elements into huge consideration: financial conditions, paying attention to customer's needs and requirements, and the introduction of new products and services.

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“…During the past decades, some methods and tools have been developed for identification and characterization of saffron and its adulterants, which exhibit their own advantages and merits, as well as a lot of shortcomings. For example, laboratory chromatography and spectroscopy techniques are the most commonly used, but may suffer from heavy equipments, tedious sample preparation steps, along with high costs and long time of analysis .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, laboratory chromatography and spectroscopy techniques are the most commonly used, but may suffer from heavy equipments, tedious sample preparation steps, along with high costs and long time of analysis . DNA barcoding technique needs to be combined with other tools and requires trained experts for the authentication of saffron . Some other newly emerged techniques are also limited for identification of saffron and its adulterants, such as electronic nose and tongue tools are not aligned to the specifically regulated quality criteria .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for identifying common adulterant content in saffron (Crocus sativus L.)

Kong

Zhang

et al. 2019

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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Objectives This study aimed to develop an efficient and reliable method for estimating common adulterants in saffron by detecting their characteristic components to warrant its efficacy and regular use as a highly valuable medicinal herb. Methods A selective and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to estimate the common adulterants in saffron from corn stigma, chrysanthemum and safflower through the simultaneous determination of specific constituents including allantoin, chlorogenic acid (ChA) and hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA). Peak identification of each target compound was confirmed from product ions obtained using multiple reaction monitoring triggered enhanced product ions mass chromatogram. Method validation in terms of linearity, sensitivity, reproducibility, accuracy and stability was systematically performed according to official guidelines. Key findings Satisfactory separation of the three components was achieved on a C 18 column (4.6 9 250 mm, 5 lm) with methanol-acetonitrile-ammonium acetate (3.0 mM) as the mobile phase at gradient elution. The identification of these specific constituents was accomplished using the multiple reaction monitoring mode in combination with enhanced product ion supplementary confirmation. The established method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, reproducibility, accuracy and recovery, which were found satisfactory for sensitive detection of the three target compounds. Conclusions By detecting the specific constituents allantoin, ChA and HSYA in one run, the adulterants of corn stigma, chrysanthemum and safflower can be effectively identified and estimated in saffron. This is the first report on developing a simple, sensitive and operational method for the identification and estimation of common adulterants of saffron, that was forwarded for broaden application.

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Multiple tests on saffron find new adulterant materials and reveal that Ist grade saffron is rare in the market

Cited by 50 publications

References 21 publications

Single-molecule real-time transcript sequencing identified flowering regulatory genes in Crocus sativus

Single-molecule real-time transcript sequencing identified flowering regulatory genes in Crocus sativus

Comparison of Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods to Rank Business Strategies and Marketing Resources

Development of a high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for identifying common adulterant content in saffron (Crocus sativus L.)

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