“…Genomic DNAs were extracted from peripheral blood using the QIAamp DNA blood Midi kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). The DAZ gene family (DAZ1, 2, 3, and 4) and sequences-tagged sites in the AZF regions (AZFb, AZFc: sY117, sY127, sY143, sY134, sY138, sY152, sY153, sY147, sY149, sY269, sY157, and sY158) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), performed as described elsewhere (10,11). The PCR products were electrophoresed on 2% agarose gels and visualized under ultraviolet light.…”