“…A variety of biosensor methods have been used to detect multiple targets of interest simultaneously from relevant sample matrices. In the clinical realm, biosensors are used to detect biomarkers from samples such as faeces, serum or plasma (Battista et al., 2017; Broyles, Cissell, Kumar, & Deo, 2012; de Bruin et al., 2011; Hansbauer et al., 2017; Kraft, Lacher, Shelver, Sherwood, & Bergholz, 2017; Noll et al., 2016, 2018; Premaratne et al., 2019; Zhou, Bergeron, & Juncker, 2015). Biosensors are also used to detect offensive molecules in food products, such as contaminants or allergens (Asensi et al, 2009; Bai et al., 2013; Bluhm, Cousin, & Woloshuk, 2004; Bogožalec Košir, Demšar, Štebih, Žel, & Milavec, 2019; X. Chen et al., 2019; Croote, Braslavsky, & Quake, 2019; Hosking et al, 2019; Kim, Taitt, Ligler, & Anderson, 2010; Kloth, Niessner, & Seidel, 2009; Kull et al., 2010; Nakano, 2018; Orlov, Znoyko, Cherkasov, Nikitin, & Nikitin, 2016; Pauly et al., 2009; Quintela, de los Reyes, Lin, & Wu, 2019; Y. Wang, Ravindranath, & Irudayaraj, 2011).…”