Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from amniotic fluid: solid perspectives for clinical application

Abstract

BackgroundMesenchymal stromal cells are multipotent cells considered to be of great promise for use in regenerative medicine. However, the cell dose may be a critical factor in many clinical conditions and the yield resulting from the ex vivo expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells derived from bone marrow may be insufficient. Thus, alternative sources of mesenchymal stromal cells need to be explored. In this study, mesenchymal stromal cells were successfully isolated from second trimester amniotic fluid and analyzed for chromosomal stability to validate their safety for potential utilization as a cell therapy product.

Mesenchymal stem cells from amnion and amniotic fluid in the bovine

“…AF-MSCs are known to play a role in preventing rejection of the fetus and are thought to have low immunogenicity (Wang et al 2006). In addition to this, no karyotypic abnormalities or transformation potential in vitro have been still associated with amnion-or AF-derived cells (Sessarego et al 2008).…”

“…As in humans, also in veterinary medicine, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been harvested successfully from a wide range of tissues (Smith et al 2003, Kern et al 2006, Koerner et al 2006, Arnhold et al 2007, Giovannini et al 2008, Vidal et al 2008. The most characterized sources of MSCs are bone marrow (Fortier et al 1998, Ringe et al 2002, Mitchell et al 2003, Smith et al 2003, Kern et al 2006, Vidal et al 2006, Arnhold et al 2007, Vidal et al 2008) and the adipose tissue (Kern et al 2006, Vidal et al 2008; however, the procedures employed to isolate these tissues are still invasive and cells are usually obtained with low efficiency.…”

“…The most characterized sources of MSCs are bone marrow (Fortier et al 1998, Ringe et al 2002, Mitchell et al 2003, Smith et al 2003, Kern et al 2006, Vidal et al 2006, Arnhold et al 2007, Vidal et al 2008) and the adipose tissue (Kern et al 2006, Vidal et al 2008; however, the procedures employed to isolate these tissues are still invasive and cells are usually obtained with low efficiency. Furthermore, their differentiative and proliferative potential has been reported to decrease with the age of the donor (Pittenger et al 1999).…”

“…In particular, MSCs obtained from human amnion have been shown to retain immunomodulatory properties as well as to strongly inhibit T lymphocyte proliferation and to survive when transplanted in immunocompetent animals without inducing any tumorigenic effect in vivo (Avila et al 2001, Kubo et al 2001, Sankar & Muthusamy 2003, Yuge et al 2004. As amnion-derived progenitor cells, MSCs from AF (AF-MSCs) are thought to be in an intermediate stage between embryonic stem cells and lineage-restricted adult stem cells (In 't Anker et al 2004, Delo et al 2006, De Coppi et al 2007, Sessarego et al 2008, Gucciardo et al 2009), originating from several fetal tissues, including skin, digestive, respiratory, and urinary systems (Prusa & Hengstschlager 2002, You et al 2009, Da Sacco et al 2010. AF-MSCs are known to play a role in preventing rejection of the fetus and are thought to have low immunogenicity (Wang et al 2006).…”

Immune Regulatory Properties of CD117pos Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells Vary According to Gestational Age

“…Indeed, unselected MSCs from amniotic fluid have been shown to be a relatively homogeneous population of immature MSCs with long telomeres and immunosuppressive properties similar to their postnatal counterpart [21]. However, AFS cells can be collected at different gestational age and their phenotype and differentiation potential may vary accordingly.…”