Multiresponse optimization of an extraction procedure of carnosol and rosmarinic and carnosic acids from rosemary

Abstract

A green solvent-based optimization for rosmarinic acid (RA), carnosol (COH), and carnosic acid (CA) extraction, the three main antioxidants from rosemary, was performed. The conventional solid-liquid extraction was optimized using a central composite design (CCD) followed by the desirability approach. In the CCD analysis the quantitative effects of extraction time (4.8-55.2min), liquid-to-solid ratio (4.6-21.4mLg(-1)), and ethanol content (44.8-95.2% v/v) were determined for the extracted amount of antioxidants, their concentrations in the extract, and the extraction yield. Samples were analyzed by HPLC and the antioxidants were identified by comparison with pure standard retention times and UV spectra. The desirability function that simultaneously maximizes the antioxidants extraction and their concentrations in the final product was validated. The extraction using a hydroalcoholic solution 70% v/v, at low liquid-to-solid ratio (5mLg(-1)), and after 55-min yielded an antioxidant recovery rate of 89.8%, and a final product 4.75 times richer in the main antioxidants than the raw material.

Extraction of Antioxidants from Blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius L.): Comparison between Ultrasound- and Microwave-Assisted Extraction Techniques

“…Moreover, the multi-response optimization to determine the extraction conditions which maximize both yields (TPC and TA yields) was evaluated. This optimization was based on a desirability function (D) obtained through the following equation (Equation 2) [11,31,34,35].…”

Extraction Kinetics of Phenolic Antioxidants from the Hydro Distillation Residues of Rosemary and Effect of Pretreatment and Extraction Parameters

“…Research efforts focus not only on high-yield extracts rich in bioactive ingredients but also on meeting current energy requirements, such as shorter extraction times, green solvents, and smaller amounts of organic solvents. De AR Oliveira et al [ 8 ] examined mixtures of acetone, methanol, or ethanol with water for the quantitative recovery of rosmarinic acid, carnosol, and carnosic acid and optimized the extraction conditions for the simultaneous extraction of the three compounds with ethanol-water mixtures, through a central composite design. They concluded that, although the optimum yield of each compound varied according to polarity, 70% ethanol in water or 80% acetone in water provided the best additive yield for rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid, and carnosol.…”

What is the best ethanol‐water ratio for the extraction of antioxidants from rosemary? Impact of the solvent on yield, composition, and activity of the extracts

“…Apart from Oliveira et al. , who optimized the ethanol content to extract RA, CA and carnosol from rosemary , very few studies were carried out to rationalize the ethanol:water mixture. Furthermore, the resulting extracts are generally characterized by their content in active compounds using HPLC, for reasons of simplicity and speed of analysis.…”