Multiscale Perspectives on an Extreme Warm-Sector Rainfall Event over Coastal South China

Pu, Yiliang; Hu, Sheng; Luo, Yali; Liu, Xiantong; Hu, Lihua; Ye, Langming; Li, Huiqi; Feng, Xia; Gao, Lijie

doi:10.3390/rs14133110

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…After May, the rainfall in South China has surged and heavy rainfall events have occurred frequently, which often causes natural disasters such as flash floods, landslides, mudslides and river flooding. After May, the rainfall in South China has surged and heavy rains have occurred frequently, which often causes natural disasters such as flash floods, landslides, mudslides and river flooding (Chen and Zhai 2013;Li et al 2015;Huang et al 2018;Li and Du 2021;Pu et al 2022). Over the past decade, some areas in South China have suffered from floods almost every year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of regional heavy rainfall in the pre-flood season in South China and prediction skill of NCEP S2S

Zheng,

Feng

et al. 2024

Clim Dyn

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South China is one of the regions with the longest flood season and the highest frequency of floods in China. Understand the characteristics of heavy precipitation during the flood season and its potential mechanisms is crucial for predicting and preventing flood disasters in South China. In this study, we identified that the regional heavy precipitation during the first flood season in South China can be categorized into frontal heavy rainfall (FR) and warm-sector heavy rainfall (WR).The FR is mainly controlled by the southwest monsoon and the westerly jet in the northwest of the West Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH). The westerly wind brings enough water vapor to the front, creating an unstable environment that leads to heavy rainfall events. When precipitation occurs in warm regions, warm and humid air from the west side of the WPSH goes northward and westerly jet brings warm and humid air to the mainland to rise and condense, thus forming heavy rainfall.The extended period predictability of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) forecast system for the two types of heavy rainfall decreases with the increase of the forecast lead time, and the prediction skill of NCEP S2S for FR is obviously better than that for WR. The poor prediction skill of NCEP S2S for WR is mainly due to the model inadequacies in predicting atmospheric circulation and water vapor transport anomalies corresponding to WR. When predicting WR, the model exhibits the easterly wind has controlled in the upper troposphere as early as ten days in advance. Meanwhile, the model struggles to predict the characteristics of the WPSH and the water vapor transport anomalies from the Bay of Bengal.This may be attributed to the absence of a distinct weather-scale boundary (front) for WR in the model, making it more difficult to forecast WR than FR.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of regional heavy rainfall in the pre-flood season in South China and prediction skill of NCEP S2S

Zheng,

Feng

et al. 2024

Clim Dyn

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“…Moreover, the development of meso-β-scale or meso-γ-scale convective systems during rainstorms often leads to short-term heavy rainfall [15][16][17]. Therefore, a significant rainstorm is often the result of multi-scale interactions [3,9,18]. In particular, most rainstorms are accompanied by short-term heavy precipitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Triggering and Maintenance Mechanisms of a Record-Breaking Warm-Sector Extreme-Rainfall Process in Front of an Upper-Level Trough in Tianjin, China

et al. 2023

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A short-time rainstorm exceeding the extreme historical rainfall occurred in the Jinnan District of Tianjin, China, on 3 July 2022. Due to the concentrated time period of precipitation, it caused serious water accumulation in the Jinnan District. The purpose of this paper is to study the weather mechanism of this extreme rainstorm in the Jinan District of Tianjin. By analyzing the fine observation facts, we can obtain the mesoscale weather characteristics and environmental conditions of the process. The results provide a reference for similar weather forecasting and warning in the future. Based on the 1 min interval precipitation observation data, the ERA5 reanalysis data, the CINRAD-SA radar reflectivity data of Tanggu, the cloud-top brightness temperature data of the Fengyun-4A satellite, and the Variational Doppler Radar Analysis System data, we comprehensively analyzed a record-breaking extreme rainfall process in Tianjin on 3 July 2022. The results show that the extreme rainfall process presents prominent mesoscale weather characteristics, with high precipitation intensity in a short-term period. This process is influenced by multi-scale weather systems, including the 500 hPa upper-level trough and the long-distance water vapor transport by Typhoon Chaba. The rainstorm event is caused by the combined actions of cold pool outflow produced by the upstream precipitation, the easterly disturbance in the boundary layer, the mesoscale temperature front, and the ground convergence line. Specifically, the ground convergence line is formed by the northerly wind of the cold pool outflow and the warm and moist southerly airflow from the ocean, and the temperature front is caused by the horizontal thermal difference of the underlying surface. Both the ground convergence line and temperature front contribute considerably to the triggering of mesoscale convection. The mesoscale secondary circulation is formed in the meridional direction by the meso-γ-scale convergence and its interaction with strong velocity in front of the trough, contributing to the development and maintenance of vertical motion in the Jinnan region of Tianjin and thereby leading to the occurrence and development of this extreme heavy rainfall process.

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“…Furthermore, the development of meso-β-scale or meso-γ-scale convective systems during heavy rainfall often leads to short-term heavy rainfall [23][24][25]. Consequently, significant rainfall frequently arises from multi-scale interactions [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoscale Characteristics of Exceptionally Heavy Rainfall during 4–6 May 2023 in Jiangxi, China

Xiao,

Shan,

Chen

et al. 2023

Atmosphere

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A long-lasting rainfall event exceeding historical extremes took place in Jiangxi, China, from May 4 to 6, 2023. Because of the concentrated duration of precipitation, it led to significant water accumulation in the northern, central, and southern regions of Jiangxi. The objective of this study was to investigate the weather mechanisms underlying this extreme rainstorm in Jiangxi. By examining detailed observational data, the mesoscale weather characteristics and environmental conditions of the event can be obtained. These findings offer valuable insights for future weather forecasting and warnings. It was observed that after the Huanghuai cyclone moved eastward into the sea, the cold air on its western side shifted northward and converged with the warm, moisture-laden air mass in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. This convergence of air masses triggered the heavy rainstorm event. The peak precipitation period occurred from midnight on May 5 to 0800 BJT on May 6. Concerning the macroscopic precipitation characteristics, multiple mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) originated in Hunan during this period and progressed eastward along the shear line toward the central part of Jiangxi. As for the microscopic precipitation features, the total precipitation amount was closely linked to the duration of heavy rain droplets. The rainfall distribution in the raindrop spectrum also served as a valuable reference for understanding the persistence and size of precipitation. The temporal pattern of the combined reflectivity echo along 27.5° N indicated that from 2000 BJT on May 5 to the early morning of May 6, there was a rapid development of a weaker MCS after passing through the Luoxiao Mountains. This development resulted in a “train effect” in the central region of Jiangxi. The presence of a 200 hPa divergence area, high vertical ascent rate, and abundant water vapor contributed to the formation of a narrow area of heavy rainstorms in central Jiangxi. Additionally, the falling area of heavy rain coincided with the front of the 500 hPa low trough. In the northern part of Jiangxi, the occurrence of heavy precipitation was influenced by the equivalent temperature front area. Favorable conditions, including water vapor, dynamics, and thermal factors, further supported the occurrence of heavy precipitation.

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Multiscale Perspectives on an Extreme Warm-Sector Rainfall Event over Coastal South China

Cited by 10 publications

References 68 publications

Characteristics of regional heavy rainfall in the pre-flood season in South China and prediction skill of NCEP S2S

Characteristics of regional heavy rainfall in the pre-flood season in South China and prediction skill of NCEP S2S

Analysis of the Triggering and Maintenance Mechanisms of a Record-Breaking Warm-Sector Extreme-Rainfall Process in Front of an Upper-Level Trough in Tianjin, China

Mesoscale Characteristics of Exceptionally Heavy Rainfall during 4–6 May 2023 in Jiangxi, China

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