Multistep Treatment of a Complex Electrolyte for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions and Recycling in Electrochemical Machining

Onel, Selis; Ergin, Gözde

doi:10.1115/1.4046902

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Second, a new tool must usually be made for new component geometries, which often makes the use of ECM cost-effective only for large production batches. Third, the disposal of the process electrolyte used can lead to problems, especially if it has accumulated heavy metals such as chromium or cadmium [ 5 , 12 ]. The ECM process is mechanistically determined by transpassive anodic metal dissolution and layer formation at high voltages and specific electrolytic compositions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxide Formation during Transpassive Material Removal of Martensitic 42CrMo4 Steel by Electrochemical Machining

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The efficiency of material removal by electrochemical machining (ECM) and rim zone modifications is highly dependent on material composition, the chemical surface condition at the break through potential, the electrolyte, the machining parameters and the resulting current densities and local current density distribution at the surfaces. The ECM process is mechanistically determined by transpassive anodic metal dissolution and layer formation at high voltages and specific electrolytic compositions. The mechanisms of transpassive anodic metal dissolution and oxide formation are not fully understood yet for steels such as 42CrMo4. Therefore, martensitic 42CrMo4 was subjected to ECM in sodium nitrate solution with two different current densities and compared to the native oxide of ground 42CrMo4. The material removal rate as well as anodic dissolution and transpassive oxide formation were investigated by mass spectroscopic analysis (ICP-MS) and (angle-resolved) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ((AR)XPS) after ECM. The results revealed the formation of a Fe3−xO4 mixed oxide and a change of the oxidation state for iron, chromium and molybdenum, e.g., 25% Fe (II) was present in the oxide at 20.6 A/cm2 and was substituted by Fe (III) at 34.0 A/cm2 to an amount of 10% Fe (II). Furthermore, ECM processing of 42CrMo4 in sodium nitrate solution was strongly determined by a stationary process with two parallel running steps: 1. Transpassive Fe3−xO4 mixed oxide formation/repassivation; as well as 2. dissolution of the transpassive oxide at the metal surface.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxide Formation during Transpassive Material Removal of Martensitic 42CrMo4 Steel by Electrochemical Machining

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has been investigated that the chemical nature of electrolytes can effectively impact on the surface finish quality of machining components. Aqueous electrolytic solutions of NaCl, KCl, LiCl, CaCl2, NaNO3 and NaClO3 have been studied extensively for improving the machining parameters [8][9]. Various quantitative anodic dissolution models by considering nature of electrolytes and their effect on mass transport, overall MRR, and morphology of substrate surfaces have been proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of anodic dissolution of 100Cr6 Steel during electrochemical machining in oxidizing and reducing electrolytic environments.

Upadhyay

Chakraborty²,

Majhi³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electrochemical machining (ECM) has been widely recognized as a promising technique that plays an important role in the fabrication of micro textured surfaces of engineering materials. The advantageous features of ECM, like high material removal rate (MRR) and surface finish, have been found effective to improve the efficiency of machining components compared to the other processes. However, the machining precision of ECM has still limited due to the formation of a passive adherent oxide layer over the specimen surface. These factors adversely affect the MRR and surface roughness (Ra). The high current density (20-150 A/cm2) can be used to enhance the MRR, but the process becomes vulnerable to energy consumption, resulting in poor surface finish. These limitations of ECM can be minimized by employing a suitable electrolytic environment. This paper shows the anodic dissolution characteristics of 100Cr6 Steel in oxidizing and reducing electrolytic solutions. The reducing electrolyte containing CuSO4 mixed NaCl that maintains the low valence state of substrate metal ion which, in turn, facilitates higher MRR and improves the surface finish quality. Similarly, the oxidizing electrolytic solution composed of K2Cr2O7 mixed with NaCl allows higher anodic dissolution but ensuing Cr2O7—ion form a passive layer on the metal surfaces. In two different electrolytic environments, transpassive anodic dissolution was found to occur. Comparable dissolution mechanisms have been studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique and UV-visible spectrophotometry. Micro-images of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) emphasize that metal surfaces are exposed more in existing oxidizing environments and less in reducing environments.

show abstract

“…[27][28] Therefore, recent µ-SPE studies have increasingly adopted new-generation adsorbents. 29 To enhance analytical qualities in micro solid phase extraction (µ-SPE), diverse materials have been utilized, including ion imprinted polymers, 30 graphene oxide or magnetic graphene oxide, 31 nanoparticles, 32,33 silica nanoparticles (SiNPs), 34 cellulose-based magnetic nanoparticles, and carbon nanomaterials (CNMs). 35 MgAl2O4 nanoparticles have a large surface area and can bind to a variety of chemicals strongly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MgAl2O4@MoSe2 Nanocomposite For Micro Solid-Phase Extraction Of Traces Bismuth From Food, Water, And Cosmetic Samples Prior To Quantitation By FAAS

Soylak

2023

At.Spectrosc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

MgAl2O4@MoSe2 nanocomposite was used to separate-preconcentrate bismuth ions for micro solid phase extraction (µ-SPE). FT-IR, SEM, XRD, SEM-Mapping and SEM-EDX were used to find out about the functional groups, surface morphology, surface area, elemental composition, and crystalline structure of MgAl2O4@MoSe2. Analytical parameters, such as pH, adsorbent dose, sample volume, eluent concentration and volume, vortex time, and matrix effect, were optimized to get the best recovery values. Under optimized experimental conditions and by using FAAS measurements, analytical parameters were calculated, such as the limit of detection, the limit of quantification, the preconcentration factor, the enhancement factor (EF), the relative standard deviation, the sample volume, and the eluent volume as 0.012 μg L -1 , 0.04 μg L -1 , 10, 8.69, 5.5, 30 mL, and 3.0 mL, respectively. The validation of the presented procedure was checked by the analysis of certified reference materials and the addition-recovery test to real samples. The presented method was applied for the determination of bismuth contents of natural water, food, and cosmetic products. Two certified reference materials (CRMs) (NCS ZC 73028 Rice and NCS ZC 73036 Green tea) were used for the validation of the presented method.

show abstract

Multistep Treatment of a Complex Electrolyte for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions and Recycling in Electrochemical Machining

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

Oxide Formation during Transpassive Material Removal of Martensitic 42CrMo4 Steel by Electrochemical Machining

Oxide Formation during Transpassive Material Removal of Martensitic 42CrMo4 Steel by Electrochemical Machining

Study of anodic dissolution of 100Cr6 Steel during electrochemical machining in oxidizing and reducing electrolytic environments.

MgAl2O4@MoSe2 Nanocomposite For Micro Solid-Phase Extraction Of Traces Bismuth From Food, Water, And Cosmetic Samples Prior To Quantitation By FAAS

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About