Multivalent bonds in self-assembled bundles of ultrathin gold nanowires

Reiser, Beate; Gerstner, Dominik; González‐García, Lola; Maurer, Johannes H. M.; Kanelidis, Ioannis; Kraus, Tobias

doi:10.1039/c6cp05181b

Cited by 28 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Both mobility and flexibility are required for the complete filling of the stamp's cavities. The flexibility eases wire–wire contact and the formation of multivalent bonds between the OAm ligand molecules of adjacent wires, which leads to self‐organization into hierarchical bundles of wires . The wires in each line of the stamp have to accumulate in a single thread to electrically connect macroscopic areas after annealing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The onset of the bundling is a function of the used solvent. Cyclohexane keeps single wires dispersed at the ink concentration and was therefore used for the imprinting process . Figure a shows a small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) pattern of gold nanowires dispersed in cyclohexane (concentration: 4 mg mL −1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wires have an aspect ratio exceeding 1000 and are flexible enough to follow microscale features of an elastomeric stamp. Supramolecular interactions between the ligand molecules induce bundling when the wires reach a certain concentration inside the stamp . The geometry of the structuring template is faithfully reproduced and supplemented by a structure that depends on the wires' interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The geometry of the structuring template is faithfully reproduced and supplemented by a structure that depends on the wires' interactions. Line contacts between the wires induce the formation of well‐defined bundles of parallel wires that accumulate all metal content; the wires' concentration ultimately sets the width of lines formed inside the stamp . The wires interdigitate inside the bundles like wool fibers in a yarn, ensuring percolation over macroscopic distances even at relatively low ink concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Direct Nanoimprinting of a Colloidal Self‐Organizing Nanowire Ink for Flexible, Transparent Electrodes

Maurer

González‐García

Backes

et al. 2017

Adv Materials Technologies

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A semicontinuous process is used to nanoimprint a nanowire ink and form transparent conductive electrodes. Ultrathin gold nanowires are confined in the features of an elastomeric stamp, where they spontaneously assemble upon drying into hierarchical, percolating superstructures. This templated self‐organization yields grids with defined line widths down to 0.9 µm and high pattern fidelity. Metal grids with square, hexagonal, and linear features are printed over 30 cm2 on different substrates and gently sintered in hydrogen plasma. Meshes on polyethylene terephthalate foil show high optical transmittances (>92%) and low sheet resistances (106–168 Ω sq−1). Their resistance is changed by only 10% after 500 bending cycles at a radius of 5 mm. The printed electrodes are used to build capacitive and resistive touch sensor devices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Direct Nanoimprinting of a Colloidal Self‐Organizing Nanowire Ink for Flexible, Transparent Electrodes

Maurer

González‐García

Backes

et al. 2017

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…[25,26] The δ value of SEBS block polymer is 17.1 MPa 1/2 . Referred to solubility handbook and the previous publication, [27,30] AuNWs and SEBS both could be dissolved in THF (δ = 18.0 MPa 1/2 ), cyclohexane (δ = 16.8 MPa 1/2 ), and toluene (δ = 18.3 MPa 1/2 ). [28] Furthermore, due to ultrathin diameter and high aspect ratio, the behavior of AuNWs in solution can be predicted as the behavior of linear polymer chains, [29] indicating good compatibility with linear SEBS block polymer molecules.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Moss‐Inspired Electroless Gold‐Coating Strategy Toward Stretchable Fiber Conductors by Dry Spinning

Zhao

Dong

Gong

et al. 2018

Adv Elect Materials

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fiber conductors are appealing because they offer the unique advantage of unnoticeable size in wearing, scalable production, and potential to be woven into the everyday fabrics. Stretchable fiber conductors usually consist of elastic fiber substrates and conductive fillers, and mixing and coating methods are two main approaches to combine elastic substrates and conductive fillers. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] However, the mixing method requires high volume ratio of conductive filler in the elastic substrate, which usually reduces elasticity; [10,12] whereas, the coating method often raises concerns of delamination due to Young's modulus mismatch between elastomeric polymers and active materials. [18] Furthermore, most fiber conductors reported to date experience a large decrease of conductivity under large strain because of poor control over elastomer/active materials interface.Melt spinning and solution spinning are two scalable approaches previously reported to produce stretchable fiber conductors. The former approach can lead to highly elastic polymer fiber rapidly, but it requires high temperature to melt the raw materials, hence, limits to the scope of available suitable materials. [8,19] Solution spinning, such as wet spinning and electrospinning, involves much milder conditions to be compatible with high-performance conductive nanofillers. Nevertheless, it requires an excessive solution to solidify fibers (e.g., wet spinning), highvoltage conditions (e.g., electrospinning). Typically, it offers poor control over properties of individual fibers.Herein, we report on a novel dry spinning process to fabricate stretchable fiber conductors based on ultrathin gold nanowires (AuNWs). Ultrathin AuNWs were soft, flexible, and analogous to polymeric chains due to small diameter (2 nm), high aspect ratio (>10 000) and good dispersibility, which has been used in various soft sensing and energy devices. [7,[20][21][22][23] The AuNWs could be well mixed with elastic styrene-ethylenebutylene-styrene (SEBS) block copolymer in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to form a viscous and volatile spinning solution to form AuNWs/SEBS fibers in the air. Inspired by mosses, tiny plants that can attach on tree trunk firmly by penetrating their rhizoid in the tree bark, a nanowire-rooted gold/polymer interfacial design by using AuNWs both as "roots" to attach onto Stretchable fiber conductors are appealing in the field of soft electronics due to their potential to be woven into fabrics leading to smart textile electronics. Coating highly conductive metal films onto elastic polymer fibers can be a potential strategy, however, it is nontrivial to achieve strong metal/polymer adhesion to avoid interfacial failure under large mechanical strains. Here, a novel moss-inspired gold-coating strategy by using an ultrathin gold nanowires (AuNWs)-seeded electroless deposition strategy to fabricate stretchable fiber conductors in a dry spinning process is reported. By optimizing Hildebrand's and Hansen's solubility parameter, the AuNWs are dispersed...

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Multiscale Soft–Hard Interface Design for Flexible Hybrid Electronics

et al. 2019

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Emerging next‐generation soft electronics will require versatile properties functioning under mechanical compliance, which will involve the use of different types of materials. As a result, control over material interfaces (particularly soft/hard interfaces) has become crucial and is now attracting intensive worldwide research efforts. A series of material and structural interface designs has been devised to improve interfacial adhesion, preventing failure of electromechanical properties under mechanical deformation. Herein, different soft/hard interface design strategies at multiple length scales in the context of flexible hybrid electronics are reviewed. The crucial role of soft ligands and/or polymers in controlling the morphologies of active nanomaterials and stabilizing them is discussed, with a focus on understanding the soft/hard interface at the atomic/molecular scale. Larger nanoscopic and microscopic levels are also discussed, to scrutinize viable intrinsic and extrinsic interfacial designs with the purpose of promoting adhesion, stretchability, and durability. Furthermore, the macroscopic device/human interface as it relates to real‐world applications is analyzed. Finally, a perspective on the current challenges and future opportunities in the development of truly seamlessly integrated soft wearable electronic systems is presented.

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Multivalent bonds in self-assembled bundles of ultrathin gold nanowires

Cited by 28 publications

References 40 publications

Direct Nanoimprinting of a Colloidal Self‐Organizing Nanowire Ink for Flexible, Transparent Electrodes

Direct Nanoimprinting of a Colloidal Self‐Organizing Nanowire Ink for Flexible, Transparent Electrodes

A Moss‐Inspired Electroless Gold‐Coating Strategy Toward Stretchable Fiber Conductors by Dry Spinning

Multiscale Soft–Hard Interface Design for Flexible Hybrid Electronics

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