Multivariate characterization of elements accumulated in King BoleteBoletus edulismushroom at lowland and high mountain regions

Abstract

Based on ICP-MS, ICP-OES, HG-AAS, CV-AAS and elementary instrumental analysis of King Bolete collected from four sites of different soil bedrock geochemistry considered could be as mushroom abundant in certain elements. King's Bolete fruiting bodies are very rich in K (> 20 mg/g dry weight), rich in Ca, Mg, Na, Rb and Zn (> 100 microg/g dw), and relatively also rich in Ag, Cd, Cs, Cu, Fe, Mn and Se (> 10 microg/g dw). The caps of King Bolete when compared to stipes around two-to three-fold more abundant are in Ag, Cd, Cs, Cu, Hg, K, Mg, Mo, N, Rb, Se and Zn. King Bolete collected at the lowland and mountain sites showed Ag, Ba, Co, Cr, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Mo and Na in caps in comparable concentrations, and specimens from the mountain areas accumulated more Cd and Sb. Elements such as Al, Pb and Rb occurred at relatively elevated concentration in King Bolete picked up at the metal ores-rich region of the Sudety Mountains. Because of high bioconcentration potential King Bolete at the background sites accumulate in fruiting bodies great concentrations of problematic elements such as Cd, Pb and Hg, i.e. up to nearly 20, 3 and 5 microg/g dw, on the average, respectively. The interdependence among determined mineral elements examined were using the principal components analysis (PCA) method. The PCA explained 56% of the total variance. The metals tend to cluster together (Ba, Cd, Cs, Cr, Ga, Rb, Se, Sr and V; K and Mg; Cu and Mo). The results provided useful environmental and nutritional background level information on 26 minerals as the composition of King Bolete from the sites of different bedrock soil geochemistry.

Mineral Constituents of Edible Field Parasol (Macrolepiota procera) Mushrooms and the Underlying Substrate from Upland Regions of Poland: Bioconcentration Potential, Intake Benefits, and Toxicological Risk

“…Earlier studies reported that M. procera has the ability to efficiently bioconcentrate Hg [54][55][56][57]. This species, apart from being rich in the essential elements (including Cu and Zn), is also rich in Cd, Pb, Hg, and Ag [2,14,26,40,56].…”

“…• Boletus spp., or the bay bolete (Imleria badia) • Yellow-cracked bolete (Boletus subtomentosus) and golden bolete (Xerocomellus chrysenteron); Boletus spp., and in majority the king bolete (Boletus edulis) • Common chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius) [10] Mushrooms, especially wild grown mushrooms and the edible species in particular, have been reported to be rich in mineral constituents as well as in some toxic metals [11][12][13][14][15][16]. As such, mushroom studies have shown that some mushroom species are rich sources of essential trace elements.…”

Accumulation of trace elements by wild mushrooms in West part of Russia (South-Eastern Baltic)

“…In accordance of literature data concentration of cadmium in fruit bodies on unpolluted areas vary between 0,5 to 5 µg/g DM, it depends on the species of fungi. The highest cadmium level was determined in B. edulis (point 7 of zone I) and was 8,8 µg/g, but it is normal values for this species (Ouzouni et al, 2009;Durali et al, 2005;Popova, 2011, Kalač et al, 2000Kalač, 2010;Rudawska et al, 2005;Falandysz et al, 2008;Malinowskaa et al, 2004). Thus B. edulis can be considered as moderate cadmium accumulators.…”

“…From the data for numerous species, usual chromium contents were determined as 0,5 and 5 µg/g DM (Ouzouni et al, 2009;Durali et al, 2005;Kalač et al, 2000, Kalač, 2010Ivanov et al, 2008;Rudawska et al, 2005;Falandysz et al, 2008;Malinowskaa et al, 2004;Svoboda et al, 2007). Probably P.ostreatus and R. invalli is accumulator of chromium.…”

Acumulación de selenio en setas silvestres comestibles: captación y toxicidad Selenium accumulation in wild edible mushrooms: uptake and toxicity

“…El estudio de las interacciones entre metales pesados y hongos estaḿ otivado, entre otras cosas, por la ubicuidad y presencia de los hongos en ha´bitat contaminados, asıć omo por la captacio´n y traslocacio´n de metales pesados a los carpo´foros (setas) de macromicetos comestibles, por sus repercusiones sanitarias y ecotoxicolo´gicas, incluso por sus posibles aplicaciones biotecnolo´gicas derivadas de la capacidad de algunos hongos para captar y fijar metales (Quinche, 1987;Gadd, 1993;Melgar, Alonso, Pe´rez-Lo´pez, & Garcı´a, 1998;Alonso, Salgado, Garcı´a, & Melgar, 2000;Zaichick, 2002;Alonso, Garcı´a, Pe´rez-Lo´pez, & Melgar, 2003, 2004Jonnalagadda, Pienaar, & Haripersad, 2006;Yamac, Yildiz, Sarikurkcu, Celikkollu, & Solak, 2007;Falandysz et al, 2008aFalandysz et al, , 2008b.…”