Multivariate statistical approach on distribution of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides and associated radiation indices along the north-western coastline of Aegean Sea, Greece

Natural radioactivity and radiological risks of common building materials used in Semnan Province dwellings, Iran

“…The activity concentration of radionuclides (Bq kg −1 ) calculated using following equation (Shahrokhi et al 2021):…”

“…The inhalation of radon ( 222 Rn), thoron ( 220 Rn), and their decay products contribute to the internal exposure, while the external exposure comes from t he gamma-emitting radionuclides. Radiologically the most important radionuclide is the 226 Ra (Sas et al 2015;Kardos et al 2015;Kuzmanović et al 2020;Adelikhah et al 2021). Due to this, the aim is to minimalize the radionuclide activity concentrations in the building materials, as much as is reasonably achievable, and to minimalize the radiation dose which the public is exposed to.…”

A brief radiological survey and associated occupational exposure to radiation in an open pit slate mine in Kashan, Iran

“…The activity of each radionuclide was determined using its specific gamma lines or gamma lines of its decay products recommended by IAEA. For further information, refer to the following references [11,12].…”

Modelling of indoor external and internal exposure due to different building materials containing NORMs in the vicinity of a HNBRA in Mahallat, Iran

“…Over recent years, many studies have been carried out to assess the natural radioisotopes contained in building materials in Iran ( Fathivand et al., 2007 ; Fathivand and Amidi, 2007 ; Fathabadi et al., 2011 ; Mehdizadeh et al., 2011 ; Asgharizadeh et al., 2012 ; Bavarnegin et al., 2013 ; Shahrokhi et al., 2020 ; Imani et al., 2021 ) and also measure the indoor gamma dose rate all around the world ( Inoue et al., 2020 ; Kuzmanović et al., 2020 ; Top et al., 2020 ; Tchorz-Trzeciakiewicz and Rysiukiewicz, 2021 ; Jeelani et al., 2021 ). Furthermore, two recognized HNBRAs in Iran (Ramsar and Mahallat) have also been investigated to determine the sources of radiation that affect the health of inhabitants, epidemiological risks, as well as the distribution of natural radioisotopes in different building materials ( Sohrabi et al., 1996 ; Ghiassi-Nejad et al., 2002 ; Mortazavi et al., 2005 ; Bavarnegin et al., 2013 ; Shahrokhi et al., 2020 ; Adelikhah et al., 2020 , 2021 ; Shahrokhi et al., 2021a , Shahrokhi et al., 2021b ). The primary origin of these NORMs is mainly due to the presence of a very high level of 226 Ra in the soil and igneous rocks in bedrock which are rich in uranium in the Iranian cities of Ramsar and Mahallat ( Ghiassi-Nejad et al., 2002 ; Shahrokhi et al., 2020 ).…”