Multivariate stochastic comparisons of multivariate mixture models and their applications

Barmalzan, Ghobad; Haidari, Abedin

doi:10.1016/j.jmva.2015.11.013

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Fit Measures. According to Balakrishnan et al (2016) there are more than 20 fit indices and no agreement which to report for measuring the hypothesized model. According to Balakrishnan et al (2016) and Byrne (2009)…”

Section: Figure No 3: Sem Model Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Direct and Indirect Impact of Pharmaceutical Industry in Economic Expansion and Job Creation: Evidence from Bootstrapping and Normal Theory Methods

Ahmed¹,

Vveinhardt²,

Štreimikienė³

2018

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The objective of this research article is to examine the role of Pakistan's pharmaceutical industry in job creation opportunities, with the sacred intention to eradicate poverty, and expansion in economic activities. This research is quantitative in nature, and the data is directly gathered through closed-ended questionnaires from 300 respondents. Besides predictors', four mediating variables have also been taken into consideration that contribute indirectly in job creation opportunities. Bootstrapping and Normal theory methods have been employed in order to examine the impact of predictors' and mediating variables. The result of this research confirmed that pharmaceutical industry plays a vital role in job creation in Pakistan. It is further concluded that the pharmaceutical industry has a direct and significant impact in job creation by providing indigenous and direct job opportunities in sales, marketing, and other supporting departments for both skilled and unskilled workers. Pharmaceutical industry also provides indirect job opportunities through other industries, which are very much linked with this industry, such as: pharmaceutical distributors, dealers, retailers, wholesalers, hotel industry, and event management industry. It is also determined that pharmaceutical industry is acting like knowledge and skills imparting institutions. Therefore, skilled-based training and organizational learning are major mediating variables that transform unskilled people into human assets, which further trigger the future job prospects. Since pharmaceutical industry is one of the biggest industries in Pakistan, providing plenteous opportunities of new jobs with consistent growth. Thus, mediating variables such as motivation and interpersonal influence also preceded an active role in new job creation.

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Section: Figure No 3: Sem Model Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Direct and Indirect Impact of Pharmaceutical Industry in Economic Expansion and Job Creation: Evidence from Bootstrapping and Normal Theory Methods

Ahmed¹,

Vveinhardt²,

Štreimikienė³

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…According to Balakrishnan et al (2016) and Meyers et al (2006), there are more than 20 fit indices and no agreement which to report for measuring the hypothesized model. According to Balakrishnan et al (2016), Ryu (2014), and Byrne (2009), these measures have been characterized into four indices categories such as: 1) absolute fit index, 2) Relative fit index, 3) Noncentrality based index and 4) Parsimonious fit index. Complete cut off results for the considered indices of this study have been reported in Table 5.…”

Section: Fit Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Balakrishnan et al (2016) and Rutherford et al (1988), the results of Confirmatory factor analysis, which were tested on the basis of a theory for all the factors and indicators presented in Table 5. The summarized CFA results of all the 25 constructs of measured and structural models have followed the limit for all the used indices.…”

Section: Confirmatory Factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Servqual Model and Effects of Customer Attitude and Technology on Customer Satisfaction in Banking Industry: Mediation, Moderation and Conditional Process Analysis

Ahmed

Vveinhardt

Štreimikienė

et al. 2017

Journal of Business Economics and Management

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Banks are very important financial services sector, and in banking sector there is an intense competition amongst the local and foreign banks throughout the world. The objective of this research is to analyse the effects of perceived value and customer trust, and role of technology in banking service qualities and customers’ satisfaction in Pakistani context. For this purpose we employed modified SERVQUAL model with four dimensions such as empathy, competence, reliability, and online service. An adapted questionnaire was used to carry out this survey research, and collected 830 responses from the customers of Pakistani banking industry. We used factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and bootstrapping methods to carry out this research. The results of the study demonstrated that our four-dimensional model of modified SERVQUAL has a significant impact on overall customer satisfaction. It is further concluded from the bootstrapping method that modified SERVQUAL dimensions and customer satisfaction are positively mediated by the perceived value and trust. Finally, it is also concluded that the implementation of technology serves as moderating variable in the banking sector. The outcomes of this research are beneficial to the senior management of banking sector in order to implement the effective and customised online banking structure to gain competitive advantages, and provide vibrant online banking services that enhance the standard and ease of services to the customers and earn their confidence. The originality and novelty of this research provide a significant contribution in the application of SERVQUAL model specifically for the banking service quality dimensions and customer satisfaction in marketing research.

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“…Finally, the researchers have considered six moderating variables, such as innovation in information technology, fiber optics Internet technology, the speed of processors, innovation in telecommunication technology, smartphone technology, and generation (1G-5G) technologies, in which every moderating variable have three operational constructs. Table A2 in Appendix A exhibited the summarized results of structural and measurement models for all of the factors and items, which followed the cut-offs, such as Parsimonious fit indices (PCFI > 0.75, PGFI > 0.75 and PNFI > 0.75), absolute fit indices (GFI > 0.95, χ 2 -low, probability < 0.05, χ 2 /df-relative χ 2 < 5.0), relative fit-indices (NFI > 0.90, IFI > 0.95, TLI > 0.95), and Non-centrality based fit indices (RNI > 0.95, CFI > 0.95 and RMSEA < 0.05) that specifies the good model fitness [154,155].…”

Section: Structural Equation Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate the considered factors and indicators on the basis of prior theory [11,[153][154][155]. According to Byrne [147] and Meyers et al [156], there are more than twenty (20) fit indices, and there is no consensus as to which and how many are to be reported to measure the hypothesized model.…”

Section: Confirmatory Factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Online Digital Media Advertising as A Strategic Tool for Building Brand Sustainability: Evidence from FMCGs and Services Sectors of Pakistan

et al. 2019

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The purpose of the undertaken study is to examine the effectiveness of online digital media advertising as a strategic tool for building brand sustainability. For this purpose, we investigate the impact of different channels of online media, such as email marketing, mobile phone marketing, search engine optimization and companies’ websites, and social media marketing for the effectiveness of online digital media advertising. Moreover, the researchers have introduced eight mediating variables and six moderating variables to examine the impact between exogenous variables and online digital media advertising (endogenous). The researchers have taken 910 responses through a modified questionnaire and employed quantitative research methods, such as the structural equation modeling, exploratory factor and confirmatory factor analyses, and Hayes process approach for examining the mediation and moderation amongst the variables. The results of direct impact have demonstrated that all of the channels of digital media advertising have a positive and significant influence on the effectiveness of online digital media that creates brand sustainability for fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) and services sectors of Pakistan. The outcomes of hypotheses pertaining to the mediating and moderating effects of different variables have shown the significant influence between exogenous variables and endogenous variable. The results of the undertaken study are beneficial for the existing literature that provides the basic foil for future research studies. Moreover, the results have significant industrial implications for the marketers and digital media managers that they can devise effective media and marketing strategies to maintain optimum market share and competitive advantages.

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Multivariate stochastic comparisons of multivariate mixture models and their applications

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

The Direct and Indirect Impact of Pharmaceutical Industry in Economic Expansion and Job Creation: Evidence from Bootstrapping and Normal Theory Methods

The Direct and Indirect Impact of Pharmaceutical Industry in Economic Expansion and Job Creation: Evidence from Bootstrapping and Normal Theory Methods

Modified Servqual Model and Effects of Customer Attitude and Technology on Customer Satisfaction in Banking Industry: Mediation, Moderation and Conditional Process Analysis

Effectiveness of Online Digital Media Advertising as A Strategic Tool for Building Brand Sustainability: Evidence from FMCGs and Services Sectors of Pakistan

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