Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes:  Synthesis and Application

Andrews, Rodney; Jacques, D.A.; Qian, Dali; Rantell, Terry D.

doi:10.1021/ar010151m

Cited by 668 publications

(258 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Other studies have also shown that amorphous carbon appears at temperatures above a window of 800 to 825 °C. 26 Also, the relationship between growth temperature and the density of CNTs on carbon fibre surfaces has been previously investigated. 27 This previous work suggests that a very low number of CNTs form at 700 °C due to the low solubility of carbon in the iron catalyst at temperatures lower than the carbon-iron eutectic temperature of 723 °C.…”

Section: Processing and Morphology Of Cnf/cntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Carbon Nanotubes on Electrospun Cellulose Fibers for High Performance Supercapacitors

Deng

Kim

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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We report the production of cellulose-derived hybrid carbon nanofiber (CNF)/ carbon nanotubes (CNTs) electrodes for the fabrication of high-performance supercapacitors. The CNTs were grown via a floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method on the top surface of electrospun cellulose-derived CNFs. The morphology of these hybrid CNF/CNTs fibrous structures was investigated using scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy. The development of these carbon structures was characterized using Raman spectroscopy. The electrochemical performance of the devices including cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements (EIS), and electrochemically stability was carried out. These hybrid CNF/CNTs electrodes had a high value of specific capacitance of 149 F g −1 at a current density 0.5 A g −1 , an increase of 15% compared with pristine CNFs. The BET specific surface area increases from 712 m 2 g −1 to 1211 m 2 g −1 from pristine CNFs to hybrid CNF/CNTs, leading to a specific capacitance (per unit area) of ∼170 mF cm −2 . These supercapacitors also retain 90% of the original capacitance over 1000 cycles, showing an excellent stability. This method of supercapacitor electrode production is suggested as a basis to convert a sustainable cellulosic material into a useful energy storage material.

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Section: Processing and Morphology Of Cnf/cntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Carbon Nanotubes on Electrospun Cellulose Fibers for High Performance Supercapacitors

Deng

Kim

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…16 Os nanotubos foram utilizados como recebidos e apresentam diâmetro médio de 73,5 nm e comprimento médio de 7,4 mm, determinados por MEV (o comprimento foi obtido de 16 nanotubos isolados e não curvos em regiões de baixa concentração da amostra, enquanto que o diâmetro foi acessado de 55 nanotubos). A imagem MEV apresentada na Figura 1S, material suplementar, é típica da amostra utilizada e mostra a presença de nanopartículas, além de nanotubos.…”

Section: Produção Dos Nanocompósitos Tpu/mwcntunclassified

Nanocompósitos de poliuretana termoplástica e nanotubos de carbono de paredes múltiplas para dissipação eletrostática

Lavall¹,

Sales²,

Borges³

et al. 2010

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 9/3/09; aceito em 14/7/09; publicado na web em 27/11/09 THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANE AND MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES NANOCOMPOSITES FOR ELECTROSTATIC DISSIPATION. Polyurethane/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposites have been prepared with nanotube concentrations between 0.01 wt% and 1 wt%. MWCNT as-synthesized samples with ~74 nm diameter and ~7 mm length were introduced by solution processing in the polyurethane matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images demonstrated good dispersion and adhesion of the CNTs to the polymeric matrix. The C=O stretching band showed evidence of perturbation of the hydrogen interaction between urethanic moieties in the nanocomposites as compared to pure TPU. Differential scanning calorimetry and positron anihilation lifetime spectroscopy measurements allowed the detection of glass transition displacement with carbon nanotube addition. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites was significantly increased with the addition of CNT.Keywords: thermoplastic polyurethane; carbon nanotube; nanocomposites. INTRODUÇÃOOs nanotubos de carbono (NTC) apresentam combinação única de propriedades mecânicas, elétricas e térmicas que os tornam excelentes candidatos para substituir ou complementar as cargas convencionais utilizadas no preparo de nanocompósitos poliméricos. Por exemplo, os nanotubos de carbono de parede única, denominados SWCNT da sigla em inglês, podem ser metálicos ou semicondutores, possuem módulo de Young entre 640 GPa-1TPa, resistência a tração de 150-180 GPa e condutividade térmica teórica de 6000 W/mK. Os MWCNT's (nanotubos de carbono de paredes múltiplas) possuem características elétricas entre metal e semicondutor, apresentam módulo de Young de 0,27-0,95 TPa, resistência à tração de 11-63 GPa e condutividade térmica entre 200-3000 W/mK (MWCNT isolados).1-3 Adicionalmente, os NTC possuem alta flexibilidade, baixa densidade mássica e alta razão comprimento/diâmetro (tipicamente entre 300-1000).A alta razão comprimento/diâmetro e o elevado número de interações de van der Waals entre os nanotubos de carbono levam à formação de agregados. O grande desafio no campo de nanocompósitos polímero/nanotubo de carbono é a dispersão dos nanotubos em tubos individuais (ou agregados de poucos tubos) nas matrizes poliméricas, 3,4 principalmente quando altas concentrações de nanotubos são empregadas.As poliuretanas (PU) são uma classe de materiais poliméricos com importância industrial significativa, por possuírem grande variedade de aplicações como espumas, adesivos, borrachas, entre outras. Uma PU típica é um polímero produzido por reação de poliadição de um isocianato (di ou polifuncional) com um poliol (polióis-poliéteres são os mais utilizados) e outros reagentes, principalmente agentes de cura ou extensores de cadeia. Na PU termoplástica (TPU), sem reticulação, os extensores de cadeia reagem com o di-isocianato para formar os segmentos rígidos. Os polióis dão origem aos segmentos flexíveis, que são geralmente incompatíveis com os segment...

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“…In this case the growth rate is nearly constant for approximately three minutes and then suddenly stops. This catalytic sudden-death has been reported elsewhere (26)(27)(28), but the mechanism still remains as an open question in this field.…”

Section: Gas Phase Thermal Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 56%

CVD Growth, Optical and Thermal Characterization of Vertically-Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Maruyama

Xiang

2009

ASME 2009 Second International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer, Volume 3

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Vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (VASWNTs) is expected to be an extra-ordinal material for various optical, electrical, energy, and thermal devices. The recent progress in growth control and characterization techniques will be discussed. The CVD growth mechanism of VA-SWNTs is discussed based on the in-situ growth monitoring by laser absorption during CVD. The growth curves are characterized by an exponential decay of the growth rate from the initial rate determined by ethanol pressure. The initial growth rate and decay of it are discussed with carbon over-coat on metal catalysts and gas phase thermal decomposition of precursor ethanol. For the precisely patterned growth of SWNTs, we recently propose a surface-energy-difference driven selective deposition of catalyst for localized growth of SWNTs. For a self assembled monolayer (SAM) patterned Si surface, catalyst particles deposit and SWNTs grow only on the hydrophilic regions. The proposed all-liquid-based approach possesses significant advantages in scalability and resolution over stateto-the-art techniques, which we believe can greatly advance the fabrication of nano-devices using high-quality as-grown SWNTs. The optical characterization of the VA-SWNT film using polarized absorption, polarized Raman, and photoluminescence spectroscopy will be discussed. Laserexcitation of a vertically aligned film from top means that each nanotube is excited perpendicular to its axis. Because of this predominant perpendicular excitation, interesting crosspolarized absorption and confusing and practically important Raman features are observed. The extremely high and peculiar thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes has been explored by non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation approaches. The thermal properties of the vertically aligned film and composite materials are studied by several experimental techniques and Monte Carlo simulations based on molecular dynamics inputs of thermal conductivity and thermal boundary resistance. Current understanding of thermal properties of the film is discussed.

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Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis and Application

Cited by 668 publications

References 29 publications

Growth of Carbon Nanotubes on Electrospun Cellulose Fibers for High Performance Supercapacitors

Growth of Carbon Nanotubes on Electrospun Cellulose Fibers for High Performance Supercapacitors

Nanocompósitos de poliuretana termoplástica e nanotubos de carbono de paredes múltiplas para dissipação eletrostática

CVD Growth, Optical and Thermal Characterization of Vertically-Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

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