Multiwalled carbon nanotubes as a solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the determination of three barbiturates in pork by ion trap gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) following microwave assisted derivatization

In-line Solid-phase Extraction–Capillary Zone Electrophoresis for the Determination of Barbiturate Drugs in Human Urine

“…In the literature, different techniques, such as LC, GC and CE, have been used for the determination of barbiturate drugs in biological samples, [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]26,27 as summarized in Table 2. In these papers, samples such as urine, 14,16,19,21,26,27 plasma, 15 serum, 22 meat 17,18 and meconium 20 were analysed.…”

“…In these papers, samples such as urine, 14,16,19,21,26,27 plasma, 15 serum, 22 meat 17,18 and meconium 20 were analysed. As can be observed from the table, the LODs obtained in our study are generally lower than those reported in other papers that focused on the determination of barbiturate drugs in urine samples by CE, except for the case of Kadi et al 26 and Botello et al 27 who reported similar LODs.…”

“…These compounds have been determined in biological fluids by LC and GC. [14][15][16][17][18] For example, Martín-Biosca et al 16 used micellar liquid chromatography for the determination of barbiturates in urine with direct injection of the sample with LODs ranging between 130 and 270 ng/mL. The potential of CE for the determination of barbiturates in biological samples has also been demonstrated by some authors.…”

Carbon Nanotubes – Imprinted Polymers: Hybrid Materials for Analytical Applications

“…MWCNTs are proposed as a sorbent in an off-line SPE method for the determination of antidepressants using LC and UV detection (Bakker & Qin, 2006). MWCNTs have been applied as adsorbents for preconcentration of sulfonylurea herbicides (Lemos et al, 2008;Zhou Q. et al, 2006aZhou Q. et al, , 2007, bisphenol A, 4-n-nonylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenol (Cai et al, 2003a), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (Zhou Q. et al, 2006b); atrazine, simazine (Zhou Q. et al, 2006c), and trihalomethanes (Lu et al, 2005) in environmental water samples, barbiturates determination in pork (Zhao H. et al, 2007), for simultaneous determination of 10 sulfonamides in eggs and pork (Fang et al, 2006), for trapping volatile organic compounds in a purge-and trap GC system (Li Q. et al, 2004), to extract diethylphthalate, di-n-propyl-phthalate, di-iso-butyl-phthalate, and di-cyclohexylphthalate from aqueous solutions (Cai et al, 2003b).…”

Solid Phase (Micro)extraction Tools Based on Carbon Nanotubes and Related Nanostructures

“…An evaporation-redissolution step can be used to overcome this limitation. In addition to waters, the use of commercial cartridges packed with MWCNTs has been extended to the determination of barbiturates in porks (Zhao et al, 2007), antidepressants in urine (Cruz-Vera et al, 2008) and pesticides in virgin olive oil (López-Feria et al, 2009). In the last two articles, the amount of carbon nanotubes was reduced to 30 mg and, despite the matrix complexity, the cartridge reusability was demonstrated by the authors by the mere inclusion of a washing step between samples.…”