Municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash as alkali-activated cement precursor depending on particle size

Maldonado-Alameda, Àlex; Giró-Paloma, Jessica; Svobodova-Sedlackova, Adela; Formosa, J.; Chimenos, J.M.

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118443

Cited by 70 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although the particle size range was slightly different, the Pb in QGA in plant A was lower than that of a previous study, while Zn was similar or slightly lower [18]. Although many metal elements have been reported to have high concentrations in small particle sizes [24][25][26], this was not the case for Cu, Pb, and Zn. Compared with previous studies on municipal solid waste incinerators [23], the Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, and Ag contents in QBA contained almost the same magnitude, whereas the contents of Cu and Zn for the 2.0-4.75 mm fraction in plant A were higher than those of previous studies [23].…”

Section: Total Content Testcontrasting

confidence: 62%

Characterization of metal concentration, heavy metal elution, and desalination behavior of municipal solid waste incineration bottom and grate sifting deposition ash based on particle size

Iino

Tatsuichi

Miyawaki

2020

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Resource and environmental safety protocols of incineration residues were evaluated by analyzing the metal concentration, heavy metal elution, desalination behavior, and chlorine removal ratio owing to particle size differences between bottom ash (BA) and grate sifting deposition ash (GA). In the total content test, Cl, Zn, and Cr in the incinerator BA exceeded the cement acceptance standard (Cl: 1000 mg/kg; Zn: 1700 mg/kg, and Cr: 170 mg/kg) at almost all of the particle sizes, while Au, Ag, Pd, and Zn had high contents in the GA. When using BA as a construction material, heavy metal elution values and contents are restricted as per the product quality standards based on the Japanese soil pollution control law. Lead within the BA and GA exceeded the standard values for most particle sizes. We predicted that there would be a limit on the elution of K by only washing with water. The removal ratio of total chlorine by particle size was approximately 20–70%, where the effect of the particle size on the removal ratio was small, suggesting that the elution of chlorine was complete in approximately 6 hours. These results contribute to information on the recycling of BA and GA.

show abstract

Section: Total Content Testcontrasting

confidence: 62%

Characterization of metal concentration, heavy metal elution, and desalination behavior of municipal solid waste incineration bottom and grate sifting deposition ash based on particle size

Iino

Tatsuichi

Miyawaki

2020

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The concentration of the NaOH solutions (2, 4, 6, and 8M) was varied to evaluate its effect on the AA-WBA final properties and structure of the cementitious matrix. The concentrations of NaOH were chosen considering the previous studies carried out by the authors [41]. The proportions of the alkali-activator solution, alkali dosage, and silicate modulus (Ms) are given in Table 2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main reaction product of alkali activation of calcium-rich precursors such as WBA [41] is calcium silicate hydrate (C-(A)-S-H) gel [39,45]. C-(A)-S-H gel coexists in the AAC's microstructures along with the N-A-S-H gel [46].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are few studies where WBA is used as a sole precursor [38][39][40]. However, the potential use of WBA as a sole precursor in AAC formulation was revealed by analyzing the SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 reactive phases through different chemical attacks [41]. AACs for non-structural purposes (compressive strength results were around 0.95 to 2.8 MPa) were obtained after activating WBA with a mixture of NaOH and sodium silicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ) solutions, where curing time and temperature were 3 days and 75 • C, respectively [38,39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash as Sole Precursor in the Alkali-Activated Binder Formulation

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The concern about the large amount of weathered bottom ash (WBA) produced in waste-to-energy plants (WtE) has caused an increased search for alternatives to reduce their environmental impact. The present study aims to provide an added value through the WBA valorization from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) for its use as a sole precursor for developing alkali-activated binders (AABs). Alkali-activated weathered bottom ash binders (AA-WBA) were formulated with a liquid-to-solid ratio of 1.0 and using sodium silicate (80 wt.%) and NaOH (20 wt.%) at different concentrations (2, 4, 6, and 8M) as alkali-activator solutions. AA-WBA were cured at room temperature to extend their applicability. The effect of the alkali-activator solution molarity on the final properties of the AA-WBA was evaluated. The physicochemical characterization by XRD, FTIR, and SEM evidenced the presence of the typical phases (calcium silicate hydrate and gehlenite) of C-(A)-S-H gel. Leaching concentrations of As, Cu, and Mo exceed the acceptance in landfills for inert waste, while the leaching concentration of Sb exceeds the one for non-hazardous waste. The structure of the binders depends on the alkalinity of the activator, obtaining better results using NaOH 6M in terms of microstructure and compressive strength (6.7 MPa). The present study revealed that AA-WBA for non-structural purposes can be obtained. The AA-WBA formulation contributes to the WBA valorization and development of low-carbon cements; therefore, it is an encouraged alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Considering the amounts and costs of the WBA, sodium silicate, NaOH, and water, the total cost of the developed formulations is comprised in a range between 137.6 and 153.9 €/Tn.

show abstract

“…Maldonado-Alameda et al [ 142 ] studied the amount of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 extracted from MIBA with different particle sizes (2 mm to 30 mm) using NaOH solutions with concentrations of 2 M, 4 M, and 8 M. The amount of amorphous content varied between 44% and 70% depending on the size fraction; 4–8 mm contained the highest content probably because it corresponded to typical size of glass cullet (corroborated with XRD and XRF analyses). Regardless of the size fraction, there was a greater percentage of extracted SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 for mixes using an 8 M NaOH solution.…”

Section: Alkali-activated Materials With Miba As Sole/partial Precmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of Alkali-Activated Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Bottom Ash in Mortar and Concrete: A Critical Review

Kurda

2020

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the light of one of the most common waste management issues in urban areas, namely the elimination of municipal solid waste (MSW; about 486 kg of the waste per capita were generated in the EU in 2017), this study discusses one technique as an outlet in the construction industry for the by-product of the waste’s incineration in energy recovery facilities (i.e., MSW incinerator bottom ash—MIBA). There have been some investigations on the use of MIBA as partial replacement of cement to be used in cementitious composites, such as concrete and mortars. However, the waste’s incorporation ratio is limited since further products of hydration may not be produced after a given replacement level and can lead to an unsustainable decline in performance. In order to maximize the incorporation of MIBA, some research studies have been conducted on the alkali activation of the waste as precursor. Thus, this study presents an extensive literature review of the most relevant investigations on the matter to understand the material’s applicability in construction. It analyses the performance of the alkali-activated MIBA as paste, mortar, and concrete from different perspectives. This literature review was made using search engines of several databases. In each database, the same search options were repeated using combinations of various representative keywords. Furthermore, several boundaries were made to find the most relevant studies for further inspection. The main findings of this review have shown that the chemical composition and reactivity of MIBA vary considerably, which may compromise performance comparison, standardization and commercialization. There are several factors that affect the performance of the material that need to be considered, e.g., type and content of precursor, alkaline activator, curing temperature and time, liquid to solid ratio, among others. MIBA-based alkali-activated materials (AAM) can be produced with a very wide range of compressive strength (0.3–160 MPa). The main factor affecting the performance of this precursor is the existence of metallic aluminum (Al), which leads to damaging expansive reactions and an increase in porosity due to hydrogen gas generation stemming from the reaction with the alkaline activator. Several approaches have been proposed to eliminate this issue. The most effective solution was found to be the removal of Al by means of eddy current electromagnetic separation.

show abstract

Municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash as alkali-activated cement precursor depending on particle size

Cited by 70 publications

References 36 publications

Characterization of metal concentration, heavy metal elution, and desalination behavior of municipal solid waste incineration bottom and grate sifting deposition ash based on particle size

Characterization of metal concentration, heavy metal elution, and desalination behavior of municipal solid waste incineration bottom and grate sifting deposition ash based on particle size

Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash as Sole Precursor in the Alkali-Activated Binder Formulation

Incorporation of Alkali-Activated Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Bottom Ash in Mortar and Concrete: A Critical Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About