Murraya koenigii extract improving rate limiting enzymes on carbohydrate metabolism and GLUT-4 expression of hyperglycemic rats

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM), with the main manifestation of hyperglycemia, is a metabolic disease associated with carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism disorders. A new treatment that can improve the activity of key enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism is promising in controlling blood glucose. Murraya koenigii (MKE) has been proven to control blood sugar in diabetic rats. This study examined MKE's performance mechanism by examining the primary enzymes' activities in carbohydrate metabolism and the glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) expression of the liver and skeletal muscle in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. This study used the liver and skeletal muscle of rats (n = 30), divided into six groups: normal, normal + MKE (400 mg/kg), DM, DM + MKE 200 mg/kg, DM + MKE 400 mg/kg, and DM + glibenclamide. This study revealed that the activity of hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate (G6Pase) dehydrogenase decreased, and the activity of the G6Pase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1 enzymes increased in the liver of DM rats. In addition, GLUT-4 expression in the skeletal muscle of hyperglycemic rats also decreased. The administration of MKE 200 and 400 mg/kg b.wt. could improve the enzyme activity, equivalent to a group of normal rats. Moreover, GLUT-4 expression also increased in MKE-administered rats. MKE exhibited an antihyperglycemic effect by improving key enzymes on carbohydrate metabolism and increased GLUT-4 expression against hyperglycemic rats.

Phyto‐Pharmacological Review onMurraya koenigii(L.) Spreng: As an Indigenous Plant of India with High Medicinal Potential

“…proven to control blood sugar in diabetic rats. [54] Mahran et al showed the significant impacts of methanolic leaf powder extracts of M. koenigii and walnut against alloxan induced diabetes in murine models. [55]…”

“…Found helpful in the regeneration of damaged pancreatic islet via reduction of glucose levels in plasma [130] Ethanol extract…”

“…Another research revealed the fact that the plant Murraya koenigii contained anti‐hyperglycemic activity via improving the mechanism of primary enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrate and even enhanced the expression of glucose transporter type 4 against streptozotocin‐nicotinamide‐induced diabetic rodents. proven to control blood sugar in diabetic rats [54] …”

“…Additionally, o‐methylmurrayamine A, mukolidine and murrayakonine A were able to inhibit the release of IL‐6, TNF‐α in LPS‐induced inflammation [73] . The pharmacological activities of various extract on M. koenigii (L.) Spreng are discussed in Table 4 [39,45–46,58,62,69–70,74–149] and Figure 5 along with various patents on M. koenigii (L.) Spreng showed in Table 5 [150–157]…”