Mushroom immunomodulators: unique molecules with unlimited applications

El‐Enshasy, Hesham A.; Hatti‐Kaul, Rajni

doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.09.003

Cited by 284 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Some studies have demonstrated that bioactive compounds in mushrooms play an essential role in the human immune system by acting as immunomodulating molecules. The main groups of immunomodulating compounds are terpenes, terpenoids, lectins, fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) and polysaccharides (Enshasy and Kaul, 2013). Of these, the best known immunomodulating molecules are lentinan and schizophyllan; both are are β-1, 3-D-glucans with β-1, 6 branches and have been found in shitake mushroom and spilt gill mushroom, respectively (Reis et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of a Non-animal Source of Glycosaminoglycans from Edible Mushrooms in Northern Thailand

Choocheep¹,

Nathip²

2018

CMUJNS

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Several kinds of cultivated or local edible mushrooms exist in northern Thailand. While their nutritional features have been extensively analyzed, the presence of phytochemicals and glycosaminoglycans has yet to be investigated. Thus, in this study, we examined the presence of phytochemicals and glycosaminoglycans from 10 cultivated or local mushrooms: milk white russula, hygroscopic earthstar, log white fungi, log black fungi, shitake mushroom, rosy russula, sajor-caju mushroom, Jew's ear, bolete, and straw mushroom. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates, amino acids, and flavonoids in the extracts from most of the mushrooms. We detected glycosaminoglycans in all of the extracts using dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) dye-binding assay and UVVis spectrophotometry. Hygroscopic earthstar contained the most glycosaminoglycans and sajor-caju mushroom the least. However, we were unable to distinguish the types of glycosaminoglycans, which should be considered for future study. In summary, the phytochemicals found here are crucial non-animal dietary sources of carbohydrates, amino acids, and antioxidants. In addition, the glycosaminoglycans detected in the mushroom extracts in this study potentially offer a non-animal source of glycosaminoglycans that may have clinical applications, apart from their nutritive value.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of a Non-animal Source of Glycosaminoglycans from Edible Mushrooms in Northern Thailand

Choocheep¹,

Nathip²

2018

CMUJNS

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“…Mushroom being natural source of immunomodulating agent are safer substitutes to chemical drugs in medicine. 84 Water-soluble Fraction I, isolated from the aqueous extract of the A. hygrometricus fruit bodies exhibited strong splenocyte activation at a dose of 10ng/mL and stimulates T cells, B cells, macrophages, and thereby promote the immune responses. 39 Another polysaccharide designated as AE2 studied for macrophage-stimulating activity displayed enhanced production of nitric oxide and cytokines.…”

Section: Immunomodulatory Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Food and Medicinal Prospects of Astraeus hygrometricus

Biswas

Nandi²,

Kuila³

et al. 2017

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“…They proliferate and activate innate immune system components such as natural killer (NK) cells, neutrophils, and macrophages, and stimulate cytokines expression and secretion [52]. These cytokines in turn activate adaptive immunity through the promotion of B -cells for antibodies production and stimulation of T-cell differentiation to T helper (Th1 and Th2) cells, which mediate cell and humoral immunities, respectively [53]. Based on their high molecular weight, mushroom polysaccharides are not able to penetrate the immune cells to activate immune cells directly.…”

Section: Bioactive Compounds With Immunotherapeutic Potential From Plmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Immunotherapies from Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus species) in the Management of Immunocompromised Patients

Oloke¹

2015

IJI

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Abstract:In the recent years, mushrooms are distinguished as important natural resources of immunotherapy which can be used as immunomodulating and immunostimulating in the management of some immunodeficiency diseases such as cancer, tumour, HIV, tuberculosis etc. Mushroom of the genus Pleurotus are good sources of several bioactive compounds which are able to augment or complement a desired immune response. Such bioactive compounds are polysaccharopeptides, polysaccharide-proteins, functional proteins (ubiquinone-9, nebrodeolysin, ubiquitin-like peptide and glycoprotein), glucans, proteoglycans and many others. Most of these bioactive compounds follow the immunomodulatory pathway mechanism of polysaccharide (β-glucan) from mushrooms by stimulating activities for both innate and adaptive immune systems. They proliferate and activate innate immune system components such as natural killer (NK) cells, neutrophils, and macrophages, and stimulate cytokines expression and secretion. These cytokines in turn activate adaptive immunity through the promotion of Bcells for antibodies production and stimulation of T-cell differentiation to T helper (Th1 and Th2) cells, which mediate cell and humoral immunities, respectively. In this review, the immunotherapeutic potential of oyster mushroom in relation to bioactive compounds produced is shown and this suggests that the oyster mushrooms are one of the most important natural products and functional foods.

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Mushroom immunomodulators: unique molecules with unlimited applications

Cited by 284 publications

References 72 publications

Detection of a Non-animal Source of Glycosaminoglycans from Edible Mushrooms in Northern Thailand

Detection of a Non-animal Source of Glycosaminoglycans from Edible Mushrooms in Northern Thailand

A Comprehensive Review on Food and Medicinal Prospects of Astraeus hygrometricus

Effectiveness of Immunotherapies from Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus species) in the Management of Immunocompromised Patients

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