Mutagenic effect of the rocket fuel component unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine on rats of different age

Comparative analysis of protective effects of curcumin, curcumin-β-cyclodextrin nanoparticle and nanoliposomal curcumin on unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine poisoning in mice

“…UDMH increased levels of ALT and LDH, and decreased levels of AST, indicating that UDMH exerts adverse effects on liver function, which was consistent with a previous observation that mild fatty liver occurs frequently in occupation workers who often come in contact with UDMH. 6 75 mg/kg curcumin dosing had no obvious protective effects on UDMH (p > 0.05), but both 150 mg/kg and 225 mg/kg curcumin dosing had significant protective effects (p < 0.05). 150 mg/kg curcumin dosing significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the levels of ALT (25. 225 mg/kg curcumin dosing seemed to have better effect than 150 mg/kg curcumin doing did, but there was no statistical difference between the 2 higher dosages.…”

“…1,2 However, as a highly toxic substance, UDMH is clearly harmful to living organisms, 3 causing immunological, genetic, [4][5][6] and even carcinogenic, 4,7,8 changes. In addition, chronic poisoning by UDMH may result in mild fatty liver and an increase in alanine transaminase (ALT) levels.…”

“…Furthermore, dietary nutrition and some phytopreparations exhibit promising protective effects against UDMH toxicity. 6 Curcumin is a dietary polyphenol from the roots and rhizomes of spice curcumin longa, which has historically been widely used in Asia as a pigment, food additive, and condiment with a satisfactory safe profile. 9 Evidence has shown that it has anti-inflammatory, 10,11 antioxidant, [12][13][14][15] anti-cancer, [16][17][18] neuroprotective, 19 anti-HIV, and anti-mutagenic properties.…”

Histopathological evaluation of lesions induced by dimethyl hydrazine in male rats

“…Heart sections in rat treated with 10 and 20 mg/kg DMH shows edema, Zenker's necrosis, discontinuation of muscle fibers with foci of infiltration of inflammatory cells and hemorrhage but more sever lesions in dose 20 mg/kg some studies indicated that there are a vasoconstriction occur in the coronary vessels of heart after Acute exposure to DMH (20), heart lesions occurs because of toxic effect of DMH and free radicle that release whereas DMH needs bio activations to induce its mutagenic effects and induce its hepatotoxic effects so its activated metabolically in liver by several steps of reactions to carcinogenic and toxic metabolite through intermediates methylazoxymethanol and azoxymethane and these metabolite affect cardiac muscles and cause cardiomyopathies (18,36,37).because of DMH is a potent colonic and hepatic carcinogen many tumors that occur in colon cause release of H2O2 which is under go detoxification in liver and distributed in all tissues by circulation including heart and many generations of H2O2 are produced from this tumors thus induce cardiomyopathies and continuous injury to rat tissues (38,39). Kidneys sections in rats treated with10 and 20 mg/kg DMH for 8 weeks reveals vacuolar degeneration of epithelial lining renal tubules with cloudy swelling and hyaline casts in some lumen of renal tubules because of application of hydrazine derivates is nephrotoxic and leads to an impairment in renal tubules, decreasing glomerular filtration rate and function (11,40,41), a numbers of animals studies on hydrazine and it derivatives are hypothesized that toxicity is exerted by interfering in urea cycle this occurred by increased levels Nα-acetyl citrulline and arginosuccinate (42)(43)(44)(45).…”

“…Exposure to derivatives of hydrazine in small amounts leads to pulmonary injury, seizures, tissue injury finally death (6)(7)(8). Also, exposure of skin to hydrazine derivatives can cause caustic injuries, dermatitis and erythema then progressed to edema and papules (9)(10)(11). Intra peritoneal or subcutaneous injections of dimethylhydrazine cause tumors in the rectum and colon in mice and rat, however a chronic poisoning lead to mild fatty change in liver and an increase in enzyme alanine transaminase (12,13).…”