Mutagenicity and Genotoxicity in Gill Erythrocyte Cells of Poecilia reticulata Exposed to a Glyphosate Formulation

Abstract

Poecilia reticulata were exposed to herbicide Roundup Transorb(®) for micronucleus test, nuclear abnormalities and comet assay. The exposure-concentrations were based on CL50-96 h following 0, 1.41, 2.83, 4.24 and 5.65 μL L(-1) for 24 h. Micronucleus and comets were significantly increased in the gill erythrocyte cells after herbicide exposure compared with the non-exposed group. Results showed a gradual increase in the number of damaged cells, indicating a concentration-dependent effect and that this herbicide was mutagenic and genotoxic to P. reticulata and this effect could be attributed to a combination of compounds contained in the formulation with the active ingredient glyphosate.

Gender‐specific histopathological response in guppies Poecilia reticulata exposed to glyphosate or its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid

“…The genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of the GBH in fish species (e.g. P. reticulata , Prochilodus lineatus and Colossoma macropomum ) were also reported previously, indicating their ability to induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (directly and indirectly), oxidative stress, and genotoxic and tissue damages (Braz‐Mota et al ., ; Ghisi et al ., ; Moreno et al ., ; Rocha et al ., ; Souza Filho et al ., ).…”

“…acetylcholinesterase inhibition), genotoxic (e.g. DNA damage), histopathological ( gills and liver histopathology) and behavioral effects (Ghisi et al, 2016;Modesto & Martinez, 2010;Moreno et al, 2014;Rocha et al, 2015;Souza Filho et al, 2013;Topal et al, 2015). However, the studies assessing impairments of animal health caused by AMPA are more limited compared to those of GLY or GBH, both in mammals and fish (Guilherme et al, 2012).…”

“…The fish Poecilia sp., well-known as a guppy, has been used as a model system in ecotoxicological studies due to a high sensitivity towards different pollutants, as well as the small, cheap and easy management in aquariums (Araújo et al, 2001;Dorrington et al, 2012;Sabóia-Moraes et al, 1996;Silva et al, 2002). Recent studies on the GBH toxicity (Rocha et al, 2015;Santos et al, 2017;Souza Filho et al, 2013) together with other ecotoxicological studies (Castro et al, 2004;Rolshausen et al, 2015) chose Poecilia reticulata as the model system. P. reticulata has morphological and physiological differences between genders, such as small size and intense coloring in males compared to females, different digestive enzyme profiles and nutritional response (Thongprajukaew & Kovitvadhi, 2013).…”

Re-registration Challenges of Glyphosate in the European Union

“…Glyphosate and AMPA were found toxic to guppies Poecilia reticulata (Antunes et al, 2017) with median lethal concentrations (LC 50 ) for 96-h exposure of 0.07 and 0.16-0.18 mg/ml, respectively, with tissue-and gender-specific histopathological responses at sublethal concentrations. Formulated glyphosate preparations (Roundup R , Roundup Transorb R ) exerted even stronger toxicity to this and related guppy species (De Souza Filho et al, 2013;Harayashiki et al, 2013;Rocha et al, 2015;dos Santos et al, 2017) with exposure-time dependent hepatic histopathological damage (dos Santos et al, 2017) or genotoxicity (De Souza Filho et al, 2013). Roundup R was shown to affect hematological response and tissue AChE activity in carp (C. carpio) (GholamiSeyedkolaei et al, 2013;Kondera et al, 2018), increased glycogen and triacylglycerol consumption and lipid deposition in the liver, as well as changes in muscle glycogen in catfish (Rhamdia quelen) (Persch et al, 2018), DNA strand breaks in the goldfish (Carassius auratus) (Çavas and Könen, 2007;Lushchak et al, 2009;Li et al, 2017).…”

“…Moreover, Roundup Full II R exerted acute toxicity (LC 50 = 0.009 mg/ml upon 96 h of exposure) and genotoxic effects in blood, gill, and liver cells of the pacu fish (Piaractus mesopotamicus) determined in comet micronucleus and nuclear abnormalities assays (Leveroni et al, 2017). Roundup Transorb R was found mutagenic and genotoxic on gill erythrocyte cells of the guppy Poecilia reticulata (De Souza Filho et al, 2013), and a glyphosate-based herbicide at dilutions corresponding to glyphosate concentrations above 1.7 ng/ml caused significant decreases in the numbers of differentiated neuronal clusters and myotubes on primary embryonic stem cells from Drosophila melanogaster, being indicative of potential teratogenic effects (Argueta and Torres, 2017).…”