Mutation Breeding and Its Importance in Modern Plant Breeding

Abstract

Mutations occur as a result of alterations in DNA or during the replication/cell division process. For agricultural development, plant breeding necessitates genetic variety of valuable features. Multiple mutant alleles, on the other hand, constitute a source of genetic variety for crop breeding and, in many cases, functional investigation of the targeted gene. Plant breeding can only improve when the breeder has access to enough variation for a particular trait. Any change in an organism's DNA that is not caused by normal recombination and segregation is referred to as a mutation. Exposure to mutagenic agents such as radiation or certain chemicals, as well as faults made during normal cell division and replication, are all possible causes. The first breeding successes were achieved by utilizing spontaneous (naturally occurring) mutations. The most well-known example is the use of semi-dwarf wheat and rice mutants during the 'Green Revolution.' Induced mutagenesis is becoming increasingly popular in plant molecular biology as a method for identifying and isolating genes, as well as studying their structure and function. Molecular mutation breeding is ushering in a new era of crop enhancement mutation breeding. In the coming years and decades, mutation breeding will play a vital role in crop improvement and resolving concerns related to global food security. As a result, the goal of this review paper is to evaluate the function of mutant breeding in crop development and how it might be used.

Occurrence of cytogenetic effects under the action of epimutagen in winter wheat

“…Usual-ly, this was typical for the action of just high doses of gamma-rays or chemical supermutagens (Verma & Khah, 2016), however, in this case, the survival of the material in this experiment is significantly higher than under the action of semi-lethal and sublethal doses or concentrations of mutagens (Nazarenko & Izhboldin, 2017). Thus, we can count on the emergence of new forms, of which this type of change acts as a cytological marker (Yali & Mitiku, 2022).…”

“…Many hereditary changes are directly associated with chromosome regions characterized by a high probability of such changes (Nikolova et al, 2015). Modern studies show a high level of association between the frequency of spontaneous chromosome aberrations in a population and the level of mutability (Yali & Mitiku, 2022). These observations highlight the importance of understanding the mechanisms involved in the occurrence of chromosomal aberrations (Nazarenko & Izhboldin, 2017;Nader et al, 2022).…”

“…As for the instability of the genome, there is a phenomenon that is directly related to the nature of the genotype of a particular individual, obviously with the presence of highly variable loci. The mechanism of the phenomenon is not entirely clear, since it is not explained by any of the basic principles of radiobiology and genotoxicology, such as dependence on the dose (concentration), the nature of the mutagen, or the interaction of the mutagen and genotype (Nazarenko, 2018(Nazarenko, , 2020Yali & Mitiku, 2022).…”

Breakthrough in CRISPR/Cas system: Current and future directions and challenges

“…[ 186–188 ] The genetic diversity of our current crop species is at its lowest level. [ 189,190 ] Consequently, there is a pressing need to introduce novel genetic diversity or enhance existing genetic diversity to ensure better food security in the future, with a wider range of genes/alleles available for future breeding programs. [ 191 ] The creation or induction of novel genetic diversity can be achieved through directed evolution.…”

Genetic Analysis of Earliness, Yield, Oil Quality-Related Traits, and Dna-Based Hybrid Authentication in Sunflower

“…The development of heterotic hybrids is urgently needed to advance sunflower breeding by utilizing the excellent combining ability of inbred parents and the heterotic vigor present in genetically distant parental lines and testers (Zafar et al, 2022). For good sunflower hybrid development, it is necessary to estimate the combining ability of new inbred for productivity attributes like early maturity, more seed production, and higher oil content (Yali, 2022).…”