Mutations Affecting Induction of Glycolytic and Fermentative Genes during Germination and Environmental Stresses in Arabidopsis1

Conley, Terry R.; Peng, Hsiao-Ping; Shih, Ming-Che

doi:10.1104/pp.119.2.599

Cited by 62 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Increase of PDC expression has been reported by cold and mannitol treatments in Arabidopsis (Dolferus et al, 1997;Conley et al, 1999) and by cold treatments in rice and maize (Christie et al, 1991). Figure 6.…”

Section: Pdc1 Is Induced By Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Pyruvate decarboxylase1 Gene of Arabidopsis Is Required during Anoxia But Not Other Environmental Stresses

Kürsteiner¹,

Dupuis²,

Kuhlemeier³

2003

Plant Physiology

181

142

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Ethanolic fermentation is classically associated with flooding tolerance when plant cells switch from respiration to anaerobic fermentation. However, recent studies have suggested that fermentation also has important functions in the presence of oxygen, mainly in germinating pollen and during abiotic stress. Pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), which catalyzes the first step in this pathway, is thought to be the main regulatory enzyme. Here, we characterize the PDC gene family in Arabidopsis. PDC is encoded by four closely related genes. By using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we determined the expression levels of each individual gene in different tissues, under normal growth conditions, and when the plants were subjected to anoxia or other environmental stress conditions. We show that PDC1 is the only gene induced under oxygen limitation among the PDC1 gene family and that a pdc1 null mutant is comprised in anoxia tolerance but not other environmental stresses. We also characterize the expression of the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) gene family. None of the three genes is induced by anoxia but ALDH2B7 reacts strongly to ABA application and dehydration, suggesting that ALDH may play a role in aerobic detoxification of acetaldehyde. We discuss the possible role of ethanolic fermentation as a robust back-up energy production pathway under adverse conditions when mitochondrial function is disturbed.The ethanolic fermentation pathway branches off the main glycolytic pathway at pyruvate. In the first step, pyruvate is the substrate of pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), yielding CO 2 and acetaldehyde. Subsequently, acetaldehyde is reduced to ethanol with the concomitant oxidation of NADH to NAD ϩ by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). In the present day aerobic atmosphere, ethanolic fermentation is used only by specialized organisms or under particular conditions. In plants, it has been studied because of its relevance in flooding tolerance where plant cells switch from aerobic respiration to anaerobic fermentation (for review, see Drew, 1997).ADH has been the subject of numerous genetic studies, and adh mutants have been reported for a number of species, including maize (Zea mays; for review, see Freeling and Bennett, 1985), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum; Rousselin et al., 1990), and Arabidopsis (Jacobs et al., 1988). Maize adh null mutants are sensitive to strict anoxia but no obvious phenotype is apparent in acclimated plants (Johnson et al., 1994). Experiments with isogenic maize lines differing in ADH activity over a approximately 200-fold range indicated that ADH activity does not limit the capacity for energy production by ethanolic fermentation unless there is a reduction in activity to less than 1% of wild-type levels (Roberts et al., 1989).These results suggest that ADH is present in large excess and are inconsistent with the idea of ADH as the regulatory enzyme of this pathway.Overexpression of a bacterial PDC in transgenic tobacco resulted in constitutive high and active protein levels under both normoxic an...

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Section: Pdc1 Is Induced By Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In maize and Arabidopsis, strong induction of fermentation genes takes place in anaerobic conditions (Dolferus et al, 1985;Bailey-Serres et al, 1988;Conley et al, 1999). RNA gel blotting was performed with specific probes from the 3Ј-untranslated regions of the four PDC genes of Arabidopsis.…”

Section: Pdc1 Is Strongly Induced During Anoxiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pyruvate decarboxylase1 Gene of Arabidopsis Is Required during Anoxia But Not Other Environmental Stresses

Kürsteiner¹,

Dupuis²,

Kuhlemeier³

2003

Plant Physiology

181

142

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Roslan et al (2008) who reported that a higher ADH enzyme expression was observed in sago palm young shoots compared to the other part of Metroxylon sagu. Conley et al (1999) reported that ADH gene was expressed at extremely low levels in Arabidopsis cells under normal growth conditions and their expression was strongly induced by water-logging or hypoxia. The present study indicated that ADH gene is expressed constitutively at a fairly high level under native habitats (aquatic and aerobic) then enhanced with reversing habitat that caused anoxic and mild drought conditions; this could mean the importance of ADH to normal growth even without stress.…”

Section: Alcohol Dehydrogenase (Adh)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential responses of aquatic and aerobic forms of Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. and E. colona (L.) Link. by morpho-physiological and molecular analysis

Khedr

Serag

Shaaban

et al. 2017

Environ. Earth Ecol.

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Echinochloa crus-galli and E. colona are serious weeds around the world. Morphological and biochemical features of aquatic and aerobic forms of both species were investigated experimentally by transplanting the seedlings reciprocally between water-saturated and aerobic soils (70% field capacity). When the plants were grown in water-saturated soil, a significant decrease in tiller height was observed in E. crus-galli, but not in E. colona. Upon growing the plants in aerobic soil, internode length and spike dry weight increased significantly in E. crus-galli, but decreased significantly in E. colona. Growth under aerobic condition caused a significant increase in PEPC/Rubisco ratio, but a significant decrease was observed under water-saturated conditions. When E. crus-galli was transplanted in aerobic soil, several forms of peroxidase were upregulated. Contrarily, in E. colona peroxidase isoforms did not respond to habitat change. Gene expression of ADH in E. colona was constitutive at a fairly high level under native habitats then enhanced with reversing habitat that caused anoxic and mild drought conditions. Both species tend to grow faster under aerobic conditions by modifying the photosynthetic machinery and capacity of scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, ADH appears to play a role in supporting growth under water-saturated conditions.

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“…Three RGAs (RGA14-310, RGA16-462 and RGA18-356) contain the activator of nitrogen-regulated genes (NIT2), and two (RGA14-339 and RGA16-462) have alcohol dehydrogenase gene regulator 1 (ADR1, Table 2). Environmental stresses can induce heat shock protein and alcohol dehydrogenase (Conley et al, 1999;Queitsch et al, 2000), and nitrogen starvation can induce nitrogen-regulated genes (Liu et al, 2003). These conserved motifs are cis-acting regulatory elements for activating these genes during environmental stresses, suggesting these RGAs may be involved in responses to stress environments.…”

Section: Sequence Analysis Of Rgasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance gene analogs associated with Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat

Guo

Bai

et al. 2006

Euphytica

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Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most destructive diseases in wheat. Identification of resistance gene analogs (RGAs) may provide candidate genes for cloning of FHB resistance genes and molecular markers for marker-assisted improvement of wheat FHB resistance. To identify potential RGAs associated with FHB resistance in wheat, 18 primer pairs of RGAs were screened between two parents (Ning7840 and Clark) and seven informative RGA primer combinations were analyzed in their recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Five PCR products amplified from three primer combinations showed significant association with FHB resistance, and their sequences are similar to the gene families of RGAs. Three of them were putatively assigned to chromosome 1AL and explained 12.73%, 5.57% and 5.9% of the phenotypic variation for FHB response in the F 7 population, and 10.37%, 3.37% and 4.53% in F 10 population, respectively; suggesting that these RGAs may play a role in enhancing FHB resistance in wheat. Analysis of nucleotide sequence motifs demonstrated that all the RGA markers contain a heat shock factor that initiates the production of heat shock proteins. A sequence tagged site (STS) marker (FHBSTS1A-160) was successfully converted from RGA18-356, and validated in fourteen other cultivars. Significant interaction between the quantitative trait locus (QTL) on 1AL and the QTL on 3BS was detected. The marker FHBSTS1A-160 in combination with markers linked to the major QTL on 3BS could be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) for enhanced FHB resistance in wheat.

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Mutations Affecting Induction of Glycolytic and Fermentative Genes during Germination and Environmental Stresses in Arabidopsis1

Cited by 62 publications

References 42 publications

The Pyruvate decarboxylase1 Gene of Arabidopsis Is Required during Anoxia But Not Other Environmental Stresses

The Pyruvate decarboxylase1 Gene of Arabidopsis Is Required during Anoxia But Not Other Environmental Stresses

Differential responses of aquatic and aerobic forms of Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. and E. colona (L.) Link. by morpho-physiological and molecular analysis

Resistance gene analogs associated with Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat

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