Mutations in <i>GERANYLGERANYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE 1</i> affect chloroplast development in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (Brassicaceae)

Ruppel, Nicholas J.; Kropp, Kelsey N.; Davis, Phillip A.; Martin, Arielle E.; Luesse, Darron R.; Hangarter, Roger P.

doi:10.3732/ajb.1300124

Cited by 25 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…SALK_140601 plants showed slow growth, had small pale-green leaves, and contained 70% carotenoids and chlorophylls compared with Col-0 plants (Supplemental Figure 6B and Supplemental Figure 7). We also observed the seedling-lethal phenotype of SALK_015098, which is consistent with a previous report (Ruppel et al, 2013). The developmental defects of GGPPS11 mutants suggested that GGPPS11 played an essential role in the generation of GGPP, which is the common precursor of several biologically important compounds (such as carotenoids, chlorophylls, and gibberellins), in Arabidopsis (Lange and Ghassemian, 2003).…”

Section: Dear Editorsupporting

confidence: 91%

Heteromeric Geranyl(geranyl) Diphosphate Synthase Is Involved in Monoterpene Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis Flowers

2015

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Section: Dear Editorsupporting

confidence: 91%

Heteromeric Geranyl(geranyl) Diphosphate Synthase Is Involved in Monoterpene Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis Flowers

2015

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“…2; Supplemental Fig. S1; Ruppel et al, 2013;Ruiz-Sola et al, 2016). This embryo lethal phenotype has never been observed in MEP pathway mutants (Phillips et al, 2008a).…”

Section: Different G11-defective Alleles Show a Range Of Phenotypes Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2; Supplemental Fig. S1; Ruppel et al, 2013). By contrast, T-DNA insertions interrupting the C-terminal end of the G11 protein in alleles ggpps11-3 (SALK_085914, ggps1-3 or g11-3) and ggpps11-4 (SAIL_712_D06, g11-4) cause an arrest of embryo development ( Fig.…”

Section: Different G11-defective Alleles Show a Range Of Phenotypes Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…G11 is required for the production of all major groups of plastidial isoprenoids, including carotenoids and the side chains of chlorophylls, tocopherols, and prenylated quinones (RuizSola et al, 2016). Strikingly, several phenotypes have been described for G11-defective mutant alleles (Ruppel et al, 2013;Ruiz-Sola et al, 2016). By carrying out a comprehensive analysis of these alleles, we uncovered here the existence of two differentially targeted G11 enzymes, each of them indispensable for a distinct developmental process likely through the production of a different group of essential isoprenoids.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…2). The ggpps11-1 mutant, originally named ggps1-1 (Ruppel et al, 2013) and here referred to as g11-1, harbors a point mutation that changes a conserved residue (D163R) in G11 ( Fig. 2A; Supplemental Fig.…”

Section: Different G11-defective Alleles Show a Range Of Phenotypes Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Single Arabidopsis Gene Encodes Two Differentially Targeted Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase Isoforms

et al. 2016

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A wide diversity of isoprenoids is produced in different plant compartments. Most groups of isoprenoids synthesized in plastids, and some produced elsewhere in the plant cell derive from geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) synthesized by GGPP synthase (GGPPS) enzymes. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), five genes appear to encode GGPPS isoforms localized in plastids (two), the endoplasmic reticulum (two), and mitochondria (one). However, the loss of function of the plastid-targeted GGPPS11 isoform (referred to as G11) is sufficient to cause lethality. Here, we show that the absence of a strong transcription initiation site in the G11 gene results in the production of transcripts of different lengths. The longer transcripts encode an isoform with a functional plastid import sequence that produces GGPP for the major groups of photosynthesis-related plastidial isoprenoids. However, shorter transcripts are also produced that lack the first translation initiation codon and rely on a second in-frame ATG codon to produce an enzymatically active isoform lacking this N-terminal domain. This short enzyme localizes in the cytosol and is essential for embryo development. Our results confirm that the production of differentially targeted enzyme isoforms from the same gene is a central mechanism to control the biosynthesis of isoprenoid precursors in different plant cell compartments.Plants produce tens of thousands of isoprenoid compounds, including some that are essential for respiration, photosynthesis, and regulation of growth and development. Despite their structural and functional diversity, all isoprenoids derive from the same fivecarbon precursors, the double-bond isomers isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), which can be interconverted by IPP/ DMAPP isomerase (IDI) enzymes. Plants use two unrelated pathways to synthesize these units (Fig. 1). The mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway synthesizes IPP in the cytosol, whereas the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway supplies both IPP and DMAPP in the plastid (Bouvier et al., 2005;Vranová et al., 2013; Rodriguez-Concepción and Boronat, 2015). IPP and DMAPP units can be exchanged between cell compartments to a certain level. For example, MVA-derived IPP can be imported by mitochondria for the biosynthesis of ubiquinone (Lütke-Brinkhaus et al., 1984;Disch et al., 1998). However, this limited exchange of common isoprenoid precursors is not active enough to rescue a genetic or pharmacological blockage of one of the pathways with IPP/DMAPP produced by the noninhibited pathway (Bouvier et al., 2005;Vranová et al., 2013; Rodriguez-Concepción and Boronat, 2015). Addition of IPP units to DMAPP generates longer prenyl diphosphate molecules, including C10 geranyl diphosphate (GPP), C15 farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), and C20 geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), which are then used in specific downstream pathways to produce particular isoprenoids (Fig. 1). FPP and GGPP pools represent nodes of the major metabolic branch points in the isoprenoid biosynthesis ...

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Biosynthesis and Biological Functions of Terpenoids in Plants

Tholl

2015

Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology

556

482

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Terpenoids (isoprenoids) represent the largest and most diverse class of chemicals among the myriad compounds produced by plants. Plants employ terpenoid metabolites for a variety of basic functions in growth and development but use the majority of terpenoids for more specialized chemical interactions and protection in the abiotic and biotic environment. Traditionally, plant-based terpenoids have been used by humans in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries, and more recently have been exploited in the development of biofuel products. Genomic resources and emerging tools in synthetic biology facilitate the metabolic engineering of high-value terpenoid products in plants and microbes. Moreover, the ecological importance of terpenoids has gained increased attention to develop strategies for sustainable pest control and abiotic stress protection. Together, these efforts require a continuous growth in knowledge of the complex metabolic and molecular regulatory networks in terpenoid biosynthesis. This chapter gives an overview and highlights recent advances in our understanding of the organization, regulation, and diversification of core and specialized terpenoid metabolic pathways, and addresses the most important functions of volatile and nonvolatile terpenoid specialized metabolites in plants.

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Mutations in GERANYLGERANYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE 1 affect chloroplast development in Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae)

Abstract: Our results indicate that GGPS1 is a key gene in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway.

Cited by 25 publications

References 69 publications

Heteromeric Geranyl(geranyl) Diphosphate Synthase Is Involved in Monoterpene Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis Flowers

Heteromeric Geranyl(geranyl) Diphosphate Synthase Is Involved in Monoterpene Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis Flowers

A Single Arabidopsis Gene Encodes Two Differentially Targeted Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase Isoforms

Biosynthesis and Biological Functions of Terpenoids in Plants

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