Mutual Interference Among Female Anagyrus kamali Moursi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and its Impact on Fecundity, Progeny Production and Sex Ratio

Sagarra, L.A.; Vincent, Charles; Stewart, R. K.

doi:10.1080/09583150050044510

Cited by 22 publications

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References 6 publications

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“…However, the competition, size and age of the parasitoid, besides the number of eggs encapsulated by the host, can also affect the number of offsprings (Godfray 1994, Sagarra et al 2000a.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The density of females of Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare and LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) affects their reproductive performance on pupae of Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

Pereira

Zanúncio

Serrão

et al. 2010

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare and LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a gregarious and polyphagous parasitoid mainly of Lepidoptera pupae. The objective of this paper was to study the development of parasitoid on Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) pupae exposed to one, nine, 18, 27, 36, 45 or 54 female P. elaeisis, respectively. The females of the parasitoid remained in contact with pupae for 24 hours in glass tubes (14.0 × 2.2 cm), packed in a climatic chamber regulated at 25 ± 2 • C, 70 ± 10% relative humidity and photo phase of 12 hours. With the exception of density 1:1 (72.72%), in other densities parasitism was 100%. Adults of P. elaeisis did not emerge from pupae at densities of 1:1 and 9:1, but 100.0% of parasitoid emergence was observed at the density of 45:1 and 54.54% at 54:1. The duration of the life cycle of this parasitoid ranged from 20 to 28 days. P. elaeisis produced 49 to 589 descendants per pupa of B. mori. The sex ratio of P. elaeisis ranged from 0.93 ± 0.01 to 0.97 ± 0.01 without differences with 18, 27, 36, 45 and 54 females/host. This parasitoid should be reared with the density of 45 females per pupa of B. mori.

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“…However, the competition, size and age of the parasitoid, besides the number of eggs encapsulated by the host, can also affect the number of offsprings (Godfray 1994, Sagarra et al 2000a.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To minimize the cost and labor and to maximize the production of parasitoids in mass rearing programs, it is, therefore, necessary to study the density of the parasitoids in relation to the host (Sagarra et al 2000a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The density of females of Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare and LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) affects their reproductive performance on pupae of Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

Pereira

Zanúncio

Serrão

et al. 2010

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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“…Nesse sentido, a redução da capacidade defensiva de A. gemmatalis está relacionada com o ajuste da densidade desses parasitoides para o seu desenvolvimento neste hospedeiro (anDraDe et al, 2010). A emergência da progênie de P. elaeisis foi semelhante a observada em pupas de Bombyx mori Linneaus, 1758 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) (Pereira et al, 2010b) e para Anagyrus kamali Moursi, 1948 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) em Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green, 1908 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), ou seja, houve tendência ao aumento, seguido de queda da emergência das progênies com a maior densidade de parasitoides evidenciando a interferência mútua entre fêmeas desses inimigos naturais (saGarra et al, 2000).…”

Section: Densidadesunclassified

“…Isto foi observado para M. digitata e Melittobia australica Girault, 1912 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) com pupas de N. bullata, e A kamali com M. hirsutus (silva-torres;Matthews, 2003;saGarra et al, 2000). Outra justificativa contrária a anterior, mas possível, seria que fêmeas desse parasitoide poderiam distinguir hospedeiros parasitados dos não parasitados e regularem o tamanho da postura.…”

Section: Densidadesunclassified

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Densidade de fêmeas de Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle, 1993 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) para sua reprodução em pupas de Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

et al. 2012

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A densidade de parasitoides por hospedeiro influencia nas suas principais características biológicas. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento do parasitoide Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle, 1993 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) em pupas de Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) expostas nas densidades de 1:1, 2:1, 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, 10:1 ou 12:1 parasitoides/hospedeiro, respectivamente. Os parasitoides permaneceram em contato com as pupas por 24 horas em tubos de vidro (14,0 x 2,2 cm), acondicionadas em câmara climatizada a 25 ± 1º C, 70 ± 10% de UR e fotofase de 14 horas. Observou-se 54,54 e 90,90% de pupas parasitadas nas densidades de 1:1 e 2:1, respectivamente, e 100,00% nas demais densidades com melhor índice de emergência (72,72%) na densidade 6:1. A duração do ciclo de vida (ovo-adulto) decresceu com o aumento da densidade de fêmeas e variou de 20 a 22 dias. A progênie variou de 16 a 225 descendentes por pupa, com melhor resultado na densidade 8:1. A razão sexual do parasitoide variou de 0,95 ± 0,00 a 0,97 ± 0,01, sem diferença significativa e o comprimento do corpo de fêmeas e de machos variou de 1,95 ± 0,02 a 2,22 ± 0,03 mm e de 1,49 ± 0,02 a 1,87 ± 0,01 mm, respectivamente. Seis a oito fêmeas de P. elaeisis por pupa de A. gemmatalis proporcionam maior emergência e progênie do parasitoide, viabilizando sua criação massal.

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Optimal Foraging Behavior and Efficient Biological Control Methods

Mills¹,

Wajnberg²

2008

Behavioral Ecology of Insect Parasitoids

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Insect parasitoids have been used for the biological control of insect pests through classical importations for the control of invasive phytophagous species, through seasonal or inundative releases for short-term suppression of indigenous or invasive pests, and through conservation of parasitoid activity by the provisioning of resource subsidies and alteration of management practices. In all cases, success in the suppression of a pest is dependent upon the behavioral decisions made by the parasitoid in searching for and parasitizing hosts. For example, in the case of classical biological control, patch choice decisions that maximize parasitoid fitness will tend to increase its regional impact, leading to greater suppression of the pest and success in biological control. In contrast, for augmentative biological control, the goal is to provide local pest suppression and behavior that maximizes fitness might, for example, lead parasitoids to abandon local patches of their hosts before the pest has been suppressed to the desired level. Thus, the behavioral ecology of insect parasitoids is central to the successful implementation of biological control programs.We explore how optimal foraging effects the suppression of global pest densities in a metapopulation context and to what extent the physiological condition and behavioral decisions of foraging parasitoids are likely to influence establishment and impact in classical biological control. In the case of inundative biological control, we discuss the trade-off between optimal foraging behavior and the level of pest suppression at a local scale and consider the use of chemical attractants and arrestants to increase parasitoid activity and patch time allocation. We also discuss the influence of host size and quality, and sex ratio (Wolbachia infection) on parasitoid mass rearing. Finally, the influence of nectar subsidies on parasitoid foraging behavior and host suppression is considered in the context of developing more efficient methods for conservation biological control.

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Mutual Interference Among Female Anagyrus kamali Moursi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and its Impact on Fecundity, Progeny Production and Sex Ratio

Cited by 22 publications

References 6 publications

The density of females of Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare and LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) affects their reproductive performance on pupae of Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

The density of females of Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare and LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) affects their reproductive performance on pupae of Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

Densidade de fêmeas de Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle, 1993 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) para sua reprodução em pupas de Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Optimal Foraging Behavior and Efficient Biological Control Methods

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