Mxene functionalized polymer composites: Synthesis and applications

Jimmy, John; Kandasubramanian, Balasubramanian

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109367

Cited by 137 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…[35] Anti-friction, anti-corrosive, hightoughness, low-creep, improved electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, wettability, and shear strength are some of the advantages reported of MXenes-filled thermosetting composites. [36,37] A similar amount of work in MXenes-filled thermoplastic polymers is well covered in a review article by Jimmy et al [38] It is also worth noting that if MXene is incorporated with polymer which provides a protection for MXene from the surrounding environment, oxidization can be reduced drastically. [39] Once the MXene is compounded in a polymer it does not go under oxidation and maintain its properties.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

MXene Reinforced Thermosetting Composite for Lightning Strike Protection of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer

Kumar

Yeole

Majed

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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and high specific strength are required attributes. [1] CFRP composites have gained popularity, and they are already dominating the aerospace and wind energy industries. [2,3] CFRP incorporation in future transport vehicles, such as urban air mobility (UAM), is also growing. [4] CFRPs can replace their metal counterparts in applications where specific strength is desired but not in applications where other properties such as high electrical conductivity are required. Lightning strikes on aircraft and wind turbine structures are serious concerns, specifically, if the structures are made of CFRP composites. [5,6] During a lightning strike, a massive surge of electric current passes through the structures. If the structure does not possess enough electrical conductivity to dissipate the incident current, these structures can be destroyed due to the extreme amount of heat produced by the resistive heating or Joule's heating. [7] CFRP composites' low electrical conductivity (in through-thickness direction ≈ 0.01 S cm −1 ) makes them highly vulnerable to lightning strikes. [8] A common remedy is to protect the less-conductive CFRP using highly conductive coatings.Current commercial lightning strike protection (LSP) technologies in the aerospace industry are mainly composed of Ti 3 C 2 -a member of the MXenes (2D transition metal carbides and nitrides) family, is investigated as an effective filler to improve the electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties of divinylbenzene (DVB) thermosetting resin. Consequently, its performance as a lightning strike protection (LSP) coating for carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is evaluated. Polyaniline (PANI)dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) complex is used to cure the DVB resin. The synergic effect of MXenes (with surface that is negatively charged) with polyaniline (positive charge) shows electrostatic bonding and improved electrical conductivity in the composite. The addition of MXenes at 2 wt% into the PANI-DVB composite shows ≈139%, 10%, and 9% improvement in electrical conductivity, flexural strength, and flexural modulus, respectively, compared to the neat PANI-DVB composite. The composites are investigated using various material characterization techniques including Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, MXenes-DVB is utilized to create a conductive thermosetting coating on top of a CFRP substrate and tested against a lightning strike of 100 kA. CFRP with MXenes-DVB coating reduced the surface damage from 40.61 cm 2 (reference CFRP panel) to 13.29 cm 2 (CFRP coated with MXenes-DVB).

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mentioning

confidence: 86%

MXene Reinforced Thermosetting Composite for Lightning Strike Protection of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer

Kumar

Yeole

Majed

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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“…[ 88 ] A 2D derivative of MAX phases, MXene, with remarkable properties can be obtained through exfoliation. [ 89 ] MXenes were first synthesized in 2011, and have already garnered strong attention due to their high conductivity, which under optimal synthesis condition can yield 1.5 × 10 6 S m −1 . [ 90 ] In addition, they have a strong potential for energy storage, with a volumetric capacitance of up to 1500 F cm −3 .…”

Section: Materials Selection For Ec Biosensor Electrode Transducersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although currently there is no mention of MXene fabricated using FDM, they have been impregnated into thermoplastic polymers. [ 89 ] Thus, there is potential for MXene to enhance the conductivity of FDM filaments, provided that the solid loading does not increase the viscosity beyond the printing limits. Interestingly, MXenes were revealed to exhibit interesting rheological phenomenon when combined with alginate and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO).…”

Section: Materials Selection For Ec Biosensor Electrode Transducersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacturable Materials for Electrochemical Biosensor Electrodes

Elbadawi

Ong

Pollard

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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With the impending Industrial Revolution 4.0, the information produced by sensors will be central in many applications. This includes the healthcare sector, where affordable healthcare and precision medicine are highly sought after. Electrochemical sensors have the potential to produce affordable, high sensitivity and specificity, intuitive, and rapid point‐of‐care diagnostics. Underpinning these achievements is the choice of material and the fabrication thereof. In this review, the different types of materials used in electrochemical biosensors are reported, with a focus on synthetic conductive materials. The review demonstrates that there is an abundance of materials to select from, and compositing different types of materials further widens their applicability in biosensors. In addition, the fabrication of such materials using the state‐of‐the‐art of fabrication technology, additive manufacturing (AM), is also detailed. The need for compositing is evident in AM, as the feedstock for certain AM technologies is inherently nonconductive. Both material choice and fabrication technologies limitations are also discussed to highlight opportunities for growth. The review highlights how recent technological advancements have the potential to drive the healthcare industry toward achieving its primary goals.

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“…In the last couple of years many groups have reported promising applications of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene materials in perovskite solar cells. First discovered in 2011 by Gogotsi and coworkers, transition metal carbides or nitrides (MXenes) emerged as star materials and have shown promising applications in various fields such as energy storage [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ], catalysis [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ], health care [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ], defense [ 46 , 47 , 48 ], aerospace [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ] and electronics [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. However, for solar cell applications this field is relatively new as the very first study of MXene materials in perovskite solar cell was reported in 2018, where Guo and group incorporated Ti 3 C 2 T x as an additive in the photoactive layer of methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPbI 3 ) based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) [ 57 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of MXenes in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Short Review

et al. 2021

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Application of MXene materials in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has attracted considerable attention owing to their supreme electrical conductivity, excellent carrier mobility, adjustable surface functional groups, excellent transparency and superior mechanical properties. This article reviews the progress made so far in using Ti3C2TxMXene materials in the building blocks of perovskite solar cells such as electrodes, hole transport layer (HTL), electron transport layer (ETL) and perovskite photoactive layer. Moreover, we provide an outlook on the exciting opportunities this recently developed field offers, and the challenges faced in effectively incorporating MXene materials in the building blocks of PSCs for better operational stability and enhanced performance.

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Mxene functionalized polymer composites: Synthesis and applications

Cited by 137 publications

References 68 publications

MXene Reinforced Thermosetting Composite for Lightning Strike Protection of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer

MXene Reinforced Thermosetting Composite for Lightning Strike Protection of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer

Additive Manufacturable Materials for Electrochemical Biosensor Electrodes

Application of MXenes in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Short Review

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