Mycetoma: An update

Abstract

Mycetoma is a localized chronic, suppurative, and deforming granulomatous infection seen in tropical and subtropical areas. It is a disorder of subcutaneous tissue, skin and bones, mainly of feet, characterized by a triad of localized swelling, underlying sinus tracts, and production of grains or granules. Etiological classification divides it into eumycetoma caused by fungus, and actinomycetoma caused by bacteria. Since the treatment of these two etiologies is entirely different, a definite diagnosis after histopathological and microbiological examination is mandatory, though difficult. Serological test exists but is not so reliable; however, molecular techniques to identify relevant antigens have shown promise. The disease is notoriously difficult to treat. Eumycetoma may be unresponsive to standard antifungal therapy. Actinomycetoma responds to antibiotic therapy, but prolonged treatment is necessary. This review focuses on the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment of mycetoma.

Mycetoma in the Togolese: An Update from a Single-Center Experience

“…Women may therefore be considered as more exposed than men. The low proportion of women in our series may suggest a decrease in their reluctance to consult, one of the hypotheses often mentioned to explain the male predominance of the disorder [ 10 , 12 ].…”

“…This is a retrospective (cross-sectional) analysis of the database, and histopathological records of the Department of anatomical pathology at the General Hospital of Lome, patients were enrolled between 1992 and 2016 (25 years). We included all cases of mycetoma confirmed by histopathological observation of grains using a variety of histochemical stains like hematoxylin and eoisn (H and E), periodic acid Sciff’s (PAS) and Grocott’s methenamine silver (GMS) [ 9 , 10 ]. The parameters studied were epidemiological (age, sex, geographical origin, occupation) and diagnosis (lesion site, lesion description, nature of biopsy, laboratory diagnosis).…”

Mycetoma and Chromoblastomycosis: Perspective for Diagnosis Improvement Using Biomarkers

“…During mycetoma, suppurative granulomas (composed of neutrophils) surrounding characteristic grains were described in the subcutaneous tissue [7]. The neutrophilic infiltrate is surrounded by histiocytes and a mixed inflammatory infiltrate, including lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils, and macrophages.…”

A Human Lung-Associated Streptomyces sp. TR1341 Produces Various Secondary Metabolites Responsible for Virulence, Cytotoxicity and Modulation of Immune Response

“…Compared to similar, fungi-originated, mycetomas, the actinomycetomas progress more rapidly and affect the deep bone structures in a short time. However, the antibiotic long-term treatment is quite successful (Relhan et al, 2017). Certain respiratory diseases (e.g., farmer's lung disease) have been associated with inhalation of actinomycete spores, together with spores of fungi (Roussel et al, 2005;Cano-Jimenez et al, 2016).…”