Mycobacterium avium complex in patients with HIV infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy

Karakousis, Petros C.; Moore, Richard D.; Chaisson, Richard E.

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(04)01130-2

Cited by 196 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The species like M. africanum, M. bovis, M. tuberculosis M. canettii and M. kansasii, causing human tuberculosis [37][38][39][40][41] were grouped in sub cluster A1. Likewise M. intracellulare causing pulmonary tuberculosis in humans [42], M. avium causing tuberculosis in poultry and captive birds [43] and also in immune compromise patients/HIV patients [44], M. avium paratuberculosis causing tuberculosis in cattle [45], and M. avium hominissuis causing pulmonary tuberculosis in pigs, humans and horses [46,47] were placed in sub-cluster A3. Although the species in sub-cluster A3 were caused human pulmonary disease, the prevalence of these opportunistic infections was very low and also these infections are from animal sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Mycobacterial Ribonucleotide Reductase (RNR) and its Implication as a Novel Drug Target

Mohanty¹,

Naaz²

2015

Bioenergetics

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The genus Mycobacterium consists of both pathogenic and non-pathogenic species. The emergence of MDR and XDR tuberculosis and opportunistic infections by non tuberculous mycobacterium in immunosuppressive persons are major concern now a days. The aim of the study was to characterize ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) of Mycobacterium species to produce information about the evolution of the gene which could further be used in targeting RNR as a novel drug target. Here we were analyzed RNR of 23 mycobacterial species. The sequence length of RNR region is about 975 bp. Out of 975 characters 625 (64.10%) are conserved sites (monomorphic) and 350 (35.89%) are variable sites (polymorphic). The total nucleotide diversity (π) is=0.120114 (12.011%). The RNR phylogeny approach in Mycobacterium species provides evidence of several evolutionary lineages evolving from the ancestral polymorphism and fixed in the descendant population. Species of mycobacteria causing tuberculosis or respiratory infection in humans have specific patterns of allele distribution in different motifs, which differentiate them from other opportunistic mycobacterial species. Molecular analysis and structural motif analysis of RNR suggests the occurrence of host-mediated genetic differentiation in mycobacterial species, which requires further wet lab investigations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Mycobacterial Ribonucleotide Reductase (RNR) and its Implication as a Novel Drug Target

Mohanty¹,

Naaz²

2015

Bioenergetics

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“…They are not communicable from person to person and are often strikingly resistant to most available drugs. The Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) involves the most common atypical mycobacteria to cause disease in HIV/AIDS patients with a low T-lymphocyte CD4+ count 2,3 . Mediastinitis and pericardial effusion in disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (DMAC) infections are uncommon clinical features and, as far as we know from the published literature, this manifestation has not been reported previously.…”

Section: Mycobacteria Are Ubiquitous and Important Agents Of Opportunmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After 3 weeks, the patient died from multiple organ failure syndrome. DMAC infection in HIV/AIDS-patients could involve the pericardium and abdominal cavity 3 . However, mediastinal involvement has not been reported, neither as a part of the disseminated clinical form nor the isolated disease.…”

Section: Mycobacteria Are Ubiquitous and Important Agents Of Opportunmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…tuberculosis and MAC, often presents with the same clinical features in severely immunodeficient HIV patients 2,3 . Considering that M. tuberculosis disease is a relevant public health problem in developing countries with a high incidence, the first presumptive diagnosis was tuberculosis before the identification of Mycobacterium species.…”

Section: Mycobacteria Are Ubiquitous and Important Agents Of Opportunmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Highly active antiretrov iral therapy (HA ART) and chemoprophylaxis have changed the natural course of MAC infection in patients with HIV/AIDS, with an important reduction of its incidence and survival improvement in patients with severe immunodeficiency 3 . However, patients without adequate adherence to HAART continue to be at risk for DMAC.…”

Section: Mycobacteria Are Ubiquitous and Important Agents Of Opportunmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mediastinitis and pericardial effusion in a patient with AIDS and disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection: a case report

Cortez-Escalante

Santos

Garnica

et al. 2012

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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We report the case of a 36-year-old man who had acquired immune deficiency syndrome and developed suppurative mediastinitis extending over the left lung and anterior thoracic wall around the sternum, pericardial effusions, splenomegaly, and mesenteric and periaortic lymphadenomegaly due to Mycobacterium avium (genotype I). The organism was isolated from an axillary lymph node and the bone marrow. Mediastinitis associated with disseminated M. avium complex infection is uncommon and, to the best of our knowledge, this manifestation has not reported before.

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The Surgeon and AIDS

Saltzman

Williams²,

Gelfand³

et al. 2005

Arch Surg

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Background: Since the first reports on indications and outcome for abdominal procedures in the HIV/AIDS patient were published 20 years ago, the epidemiology and presentation of surgical illness have changed remarkably with the advent of new antiviral regimens. A review of the now occasional, but still important, role of the surgeon in contemporary treatment of HIV/AIDS is presented.Data Sources: Information was obtained by PubMed searches of medical journals, examination of reference lists, and Web resources.Study Selection: Articles on operative indications, outcomes, precautions, source of transmission, and pathophysiology of HIV/AIDS were selected.Data Extraction: Data was obtained from peerreviewed articles and references. Data Synthesis:The last 2 decades have seen a decrease in operative mortality from as high as 85% to approximately 15% with a corresponding improvement in morbidity. Surgical emergencies such as appendicitis occur in HIV patients with the same frequency as non-HIV patients and are treated with equivalent results. Concern about transmission of HIV in the operating room has lessened somewhat. Although still a hazard, the probability of HIV transmission with accidental exposure is low, with risks below 0.5% for percutaneous hollow-bore needles and less than 0.1% risk for mucus membrane exposure.Conclusions: Improved surgical outcomes together with of accurate data on the modes and likelihood of accidental transmission of HIV to members of the surgery team have resulted in the treatment of HIV/AIDS patients becoming an accepted part of routine surgical practice.

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Mycobacterium avium complex in patients with HIV infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy

Cited by 196 publications

References 66 publications

Molecular Characterization of Mycobacterial Ribonucleotide Reductase (RNR) and its Implication as a Novel Drug Target

Molecular Characterization of Mycobacterial Ribonucleotide Reductase (RNR) and its Implication as a Novel Drug Target

Mediastinitis and pericardial effusion in a patient with AIDS and disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection: a case report

The Surgeon and AIDS

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