Mycobacterium avium infections in animals

Thoen, Charles O.

doi:10.1016/0923-2508(94)90014-0

Cited by 56 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Maa and Map, the known host range includes ruminant and non-ruminant wildlife (Tab. III) [8,40,166,167]. This section is divided into three parts.…”

Section: Wildlife As a Source Of The Mac Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(i) In wild ruminants, the Maa and Map infections have been documented worldwide, including in the USA [2,121,162], Europe [90,155,167,177], Australia [50], New Zealand [31], Japan [117,118] or Africa [126]. The data are essentially described as lesions and clinical signs in Map infected wild ruminants, which are similar to those in infected domestic ruminants, and where the disease may be fatal [19,174].…”

Section: Wildlife As a Source Of The Mac Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Naturally acquired infections with Maa and M. intracellulare have been reported in non-domestic mammal species and nonhuman primates, as well as in exotic hoofed animals (Tab. II) [166,167]. MAC agents have also been isolated from kangaroos, macaques and mandrills [79,105,115,163,180].…”

Section: Wildlife As a Source Of The Mac Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(iii) In many countries, the disease caused principally by Maa serotype 1,2,3, occurs in domestic and wild birds as well as in a variety of fowl, game birds and water-fowl (see Thorel et al. for a review [167]). The disease caused by Maa is characterized by its chronic nature, its persistence in a flock or aviary once established, and its tendency to induce wasting and finally death.…”

Section: Wildlife As a Source Of The Mac Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Livestock also represent an important reservoir, not developed in this review and well described in others [74,166,167]. As illustrated in Figure 4, livestock could either be infected by mycobacteria present in wildlife and in the environment or be a source of contamination for wildlife and humans and a particularly susceptible population [12,90,129].…”

Section: Spread In Domestic Livestockmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zoonotic aspects of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC)

Biet¹,

et al. 2005

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-Pathogens that are transmitted between the environment, wildlife, livestock and humans represent major challenges for the protection of human and domestic animal health, the economic sustainability of agriculture, and the conservation of wildlife. Among such pathogens, the genus Mycobacterium is well represented by M. bovis, the etiological agent of bovine tuberculosis, M. avium ssp. paratuberculosis (Map) the etiological agent of Johne disease, M. avium ssp. avium (Maa) and in a few common cases by other emergent environmental mycobacteria. Epidemiologic surveys performed in Europe, North America and New Zealand have demonstrated the existence and importance of environmental and wildlife reservoirs of mycobacterial infections that limit the attempts of disease control programmes. The aim of this review is to examine the zoonotic aspects of mycobacteria transmitted from the environment and wildlife. This work is focused on the species of two main groups of mycobacteria classified as important pathogens for humans and animals: first, M. bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, which belongs to the M. tuberculosis complex and has a broad host range including wildlife, captive wildlife, domestic livestock, non-human primates and humans; the second group examined, is the M. avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) which includes M. avium ssp. avium causing major health problems in AIDS patients and M. avium ssp. paratuberculosis the etiological agent of Johne disease in cattle and identified in patients with Crohn disease. MAC agents, in addition to a broad host range, are environmental mycobacteria found in numerous biotopes including the soil, water, aerosols, protozoa, deep litter and fresh tropical vegetation. This review examines the possible reservoirs of these pathogens in the environment and in wildlife, their role as sources of infection in humans and animals and their health impact on humans. The possibilities of control and management programmes for these mycobacterial infections are examined with regards to the importance of their natural reservoirs.

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“…Maa and Map, the known host range includes ruminant and non-ruminant wildlife (Tab. III) [8,40,166,167]. This section is divided into three parts.…”

Section: Wildlife As a Source Of The Mac Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%