Mycobacterium kansasii: A Rare Cause of Brain Abscess

Onor, IfeanyiChukwu O.; Piazza, M; Khashan, Mona F.; Walvekar, Seema; Guillory, Shane

doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2016.05.025

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Based on the six cases reported and in comparison to the data from the literature review, several key points can be highlighted. First, our patients presented most commonly with focal deficits, consistent with the location of their lesions, as was commonly found in previous reports reviewed, especially in SGM cases ( 12–15 ). In our cohort, the diagnosis could only be made by tissue sampling in most cases, with CSF being insufficiently sensitive.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The exclusion flowchart is presented in Supplementary Figure S1 . These 81 reports encompassed a description of 125 cases of adult NTM infection with neurological manifestations ( 3 – 8 , 12 – 86 ). They originated most commonly from North America (39, 48%), with the rest originating from Europe ( 20 ), Asia ( 16 ), Latin America ( 3 ), Australia ( 2 ), and Africa ( 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurological manifestations of nontuberculous mycobacteria in adults: case series and review of the literature

Mina,

Kline,

Manion

et al. 2024

Front. Neurol.

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IntroductionNontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) mediated infections are important to consider in cases with neuroinflammatory presentations. We aimed to characterize cases of NTM with neurological manifestations at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center and review the relevant literature.Materials and methodsBetween January 1995 and December 2020, six cases were identified. Records were reviewed for demographic, clinical, and radiological characteristics. A MEDLINE search found previously reported cases. Data were extracted, followed by statistical analysis to compare two groups [cases with slow-growing mycobacteria (SGM) vs. those with rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM)] and evaluate for predictors of survival. NIH cases were evaluated for clinical and radiological characteristics. Cases from the literature were reviewed to determine the differences between SGM and RGM cases and to identify predictors of survival.ResultsSix cases from NIH were identified (age 41 ± 13, 83% male). Five cases were caused by SGM [Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) n = 4; Mycobacterium haemophilum n = 1] and one due to RGM (Mycobacterium abscessus). Underlying immune disorders were identified only in the SGM cases [genetic (n = 2), HIV (n = 1), sarcoidosis (n = 1), and anti-interferon-gamma antibodies (n = 1)]. All cases were diagnosed using tissue analysis. A literature review found 81 reports on 125 cases (SGM n = 85, RGM n = 38, non-identified n = 2). No immune disorder was reported in 26 cases (21%). Within SGM cases, the most common underlying disease was HIV infection (n = 55, 65%), and seizures and focal lesions were more common. In RGM cases, the most common underlying condition was neurosurgical intervention or implants (55%), and headaches and meningeal signs were common. Tissue-based diagnosis was used more for SGM than RGM (39% vs. 13%, p = 0.04). Survival rates were similar in both groups (48% SGM and 55% in RGM). Factors associated with better survival were a solitary CNS lesion (OR 5.9, p = 0.01) and a diagnosis made by CSF sampling only (OR 9.9, p = 0.04).DiscussionNTM infections cause diverse neurological manifestations, with some distinctions between SGM and RGM infections. Tissue sampling may be necessary to establish the diagnosis, and an effort should be made to identify an underlying immune disorder.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%