Mycoplasma and host interaction: In vitro gene expression modulation in Mycoplasma synoviae and infected chicken chondrocytes

Abstract

The complex interplay between Mycoplasma synoviae and chicken chondrocytes (CCH), which come into direct contact during infectious synovitis, has been examined at the level of gene expression. Our previous studies demonstrated a significant influence of M. synoviae on the level of CCH gene expression. Here, we show for the first time that in vitro co-cultivation of M. synoviae and CCH also induces upregulation of gene expression in this mycoplasma. We observed significantly increased expression of genes important for M. synoviae pathogenicity, including cysteine protease cysP, neuraminidase nanH, haemagglutinin vlhA, and the putative nuclease MS53_0284. Moreover, the pattern of gene expression was dependent on the infection environment. In CCH, significant changes in the expression of genes encoding catabolic enzymes of the cartilage extracellular matrix (cathepsins B, K and L, aggrecanase ADAM10, and matrix metalloproteinase MMP2) were demonstrated. Infection of CCH with M. synoviae also elevated the expression of the gene encoding peptidyl arginine deiminase, type III (PADI3), which is responsible for the post-translational citrullination of proteins.

Integrated Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses of the Interaction Between Chicken Synovial Fibroblasts and Mycoplasma synoviae

“…Recent studies demonstrated that MS-invaded host cells incubated and altered the gene expression of these cells after 24, 48, or 72 h (Dusanic et al, 2009;Buim et al, 2011;Dusanic et al, 2012Dusanic et al, , 2014Cizelj et al, 2016). Combining these studies and comprehensive analysis, we employed highthroughput methods to analyze the gene expression of MSinfected CSF 48 hpi.…”

“…The clinical characteristics of MS infection are well known (Catania et al, 2016a;Sun et al, 2017;Ball et al, 2018;Kordafshari et al, 2019;Lorenc et al, 2019;Wu et al, 2019), and a number of genomic, proteomic, phenotype microarrays, and other analyses have been conducted. However, only a few MS proteins, including variable lipoprotein hemagglutinin (Narat et al, 1998;Lavric et al, 2007), cysteine protease (Cizelj et al, 2011), neuraminidase (Bercic et al, 2011), the putative nuclease MS53_0284 (Vasconcelos et al, 2005;Cizelj et al, 2016), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) (Cizelj et al, 2016), have been identified as virulence determinants. In terms of host-pathogen interactions, Goret et al (2017) showed that M. hominis lipoproteins played a role in the activation of human dendritic cells and their immune responses.…”

“…Another study employed phenotype microarrays to investigate the influence of MS on the global metabolic activity of chicken chondrocytes (CCH) (Dusanic et al, 2014). A separate study performed a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay of gene expression in an in vitro co-culture of MS and CCH (Cizelj et al, 2016). Nevertheless, the molecular pathogenesis of the disease is not well understood, and the nature of the host-pathogen interaction during MS infection has not been clarified.…”

Mycoplasma synoviae lipid-associated membrane proteins identification and expression changes when exposed to chicken cells

“…However, the functional role of this protein remains to be determined. Exo-alpha-sialidase, which desialylates chicken IgGs and tracheal mucus glycoproteins, was also found to be upregulated in response to HD-11 and DF-1 cells (38). ABC transporter ATP-binding proteins are associated with multidrug resistance, and the M. gallisepticum Glycerol ABC Transporter has been reported to play a role in pathogenicity (39).…”

Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in Turkeys in Poland

“…The often subclinical nature of mycoplasma infection does not help in its diagnosis. Environmental factors exacerbated by deficient maintenance of the birds, or factors in the birds themselves, such as age, can trigger the development of the associated diseases [19][20][21][22]. Even if birds have recovered from a clinical form of mycoplasma infection and have some degree of immunity, they can still carry the bacteria and transmit it both horizontally and vertically.…”