Mycoplasmosis

Pieters, Maria; Maes, Dominiek

doi:10.1002/9781119350927.ch56

Cited by 71 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 239 publications

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“…Infections caused by M. hyopneumoniae are highly prevalent worldwide and constitute the most important bacterial disease affecting the respiratory tract in swine [ 29 ]. Pigs affected with M. hyopneumoniae generally do not succumb to the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More specifically, the lung microbiome in pigs affected by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was described to be dominated by bacteria members of the families Mycoplasmataceae , Flavobacteriaceae , and Pasteurellaceae if there are signs of pneumonia, or by members of Mycoplasmataceae , Bradyrhizobiaceae , and Flavobacteriaceae otherwise [ 25 ]. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is a major respiratory pathogenic bacterium in pigs, causing a chronic disease characterized by transient dry cough and increased susceptibility to other respiratory pathogens [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. By contrast, the microbiome associated with the trachea in pigs has not yet been described, nor has its association with the extent of M. hyopneumoniae colonization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationships among Fecal, Air, Oral, and Tracheal Microbial Communities in Pigs in a Respiratory Infection Disease Model

et al. 2021

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The association of the lower respiratory tract microbiome in pigs with that of other tissues and environment is still unclear. This study aimed to describe the microbiome of tracheal and oral fluids, air, and feces in the late stage of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs, and assess the association between the tracheal microbiome and those from air, feces, and oral fluids. Tracheal fluids (n = 73), feces (n = 71), oropharyngeal fluids (n = 8), and air (n = 12) were collected in seeder pigs (inoculated with M. hyopneumoniae) and contact pigs (113 days post exposure to seeder pigs). After DNA extraction, the V4 region from 16S rRNA gene was sequenced and reads were processed using Divisive Amplicon Denoising Algorithm (DADA2). Clostridium and Streptococcus were among the top five genera identified in all sample types. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in tracheal fluids was associated with a reduction of diversity and increment of M. hyorhinis, Glaesserella parasuis, and Pasteurella multocida in tracheal fluids, as well as a reduction of Ruminiclostridium, Barnesiella, and Lactobacillus in feces. Air contributed in a greater proportion to bacteria in the trachea compared with feces and oral fluids. In conclusion, evidence suggests the existence of complex interactions between bacterial communities from distant and distinct niches.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships among Fecal, Air, Oral, and Tracheal Microbial Communities in Pigs in a Respiratory Infection Disease Model

et al. 2021

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“…Clinical enzootic pneumonia is caused by MHP, historically the most important Mycoplasma sp. and a major contributor to PRDC ( Pieters and Maes, 2019 ). The identification of MHP in swine is very common ( Maes et al, 2000 ; Choi et al, 2003 ; Kukushkin and Okovytaya, 2012 ; Merialdi et al, 2012 ; Vangroenweghe et al, 2015 ; USDA, 2016 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional Mycoplasma spp. are commonly isolated and associated with disease processes in swine, including Mycoplasma hyosynoviae resulting in arthritis in grow-finish pigs, Mycoplasma hyorhinis resulting in polyserositis and arthritis, and Mycoplasma suis resulting in loss of red blood cells ( Pieters and Maes, 2019 ). While estimates of the impact on morbidity and mortality are not available, the magnitude of effect is believed to be relatively low.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postweaning mortality in commercial swine production II: review of infectious contributing factors

Gebhardt

Tokach

Dritz

et al. 2020

Translational Animal Science

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Postweaning mortality is extremely complex with a multitude of noninfectious and infectious contributing factors. In the current review, our objective is to describe the current state of knowledge regarding infectious causes of postweaning mortality, focusing on estimates of frequency and magnitude of effect where available. While infectious mortality is often categorized by physiologic body system affected, we believe the complex multifactorial nature is better understood by an alternative stratification dependent on intervention type. This category method subjectively combines disease pathogenesis knowledge, epidemiology, and economic consequences. These intervention categories included depopulation of affected cohorts of animals, elimination protocols using knowledge of immunity and epidemiology, or less aggressive interventions. The most aggressive approach to control infectious etiologies is through herd depopulation and repopulation. Historically, these protocols were successful for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and swine dysentery among others. Additionally, this aggressive measure likely would be used to minimize disease spread if either a foreign animal disease was introduced or pseudorabies virus was reintroduced into domestic swine populations. Elimination practices have been successful for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, coronaviruses, including transmissible gastroenteritis virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, and porcine deltacoronavirus, swine influenza virus, nondysentery Brachyspira spp., and others. Porcine circovirus type 2 can have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality; however, it is often adequately controlled through immunization. Many other infectious etiologies present in swine production have not elicited these aggressive control measures. This may be because less aggressive control measures, such as vaccination, management, and therapeutics, are effective, their impact on mortality or productivity is not great enough to warrant, or there is inadequate understanding to employ control procedures efficaciously and efficiently. Since there are many infectious agents and noninfectious contributors, emphasis should continue to be placed on those infectious agents with the greatest impact to minimize postweaning mortality.

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“…Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae ( M. hyopneumoniae ) is the bacterial aetiological agent of enzootic pneumonia, a respiratory disease that causes significant economic losses in the pig industry [ 16 ]. Infections with M. hyopneumoniae are highly prevalent, chronic and detected in most countries [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic variability of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae within pig lung lobes

et al. 2021

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Background Genotypic variability in M. hyopneumoniae has been reported within and among herds. However, information regarding VNTR types within single lung lobes is lacking. The objective of his study was to analyse M. hyopneumoniae infections and their association with VNTR types and lung lesions at the lobe level. Lungs from 300 pigs from 10 farms experiencing an enzootic pneumonia outbreak were collected and scored. M. hyopneumoniae was detected by real-time PCR and genotyped by MLVA assay in all samples. Results The results showed genotypic variability within single pigs and among lung lobes. At the lobe level, infection with one VNTR type (SN infection) was dominant. Lobes with lesion scores > 0 were associated with positive results for real-time PCR. At the lobe level, no relationship was observed between infections with more than one genotype (MX infections) and the proportion of Mycoplasma-like lesions. Lesion-free lobes presented a higher proportion of MX infections than lobes scored > 0. M. hyopneumoniae was detected more frequently in the right lobe of the lung (p < 0.05), with a similar distribution within lobes for SN and MX infections. The anatomic conformation of swine lungs led to a higher prevalence of infections in the right lobe. However, this study showed that this condition did not affect the distribution of infections with multiple VNTR types. Nevertheless, careful consideration of sample selection should be practised for M. hyopneumoniae genotype analyses, including lung lobes with no visible lesions. Conclusion The results did not show a significant association between the number of detected genotypes and the severity of the lesions at the lung lobe level, but revealed the unexpected detection of M. hyopneumoniae genotypes in lesion-free lobes. These results imply that a representative sampling of all lobes may lead to an accurate identification of the VNTR-type distribution. Further studies including factors that can affect pathogenetic evolution of this bacterium could shed light on the complexity of the relationship between genotypes and the lung lesions magnitude.

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Mycoplasmosis

Cited by 71 publications

References 239 publications

Relationships among Fecal, Air, Oral, and Tracheal Microbial Communities in Pigs in a Respiratory Infection Disease Model

Relationships among Fecal, Air, Oral, and Tracheal Microbial Communities in Pigs in a Respiratory Infection Disease Model

Postweaning mortality in commercial swine production II: review of infectious contributing factors

Genomic variability of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae within pig lung lobes

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